Proximity sensing using an antenna front end module

ABSTRACT

An antenna front-end module, a method, and an information handling system are provided. An antenna front-end module comprises a circuit board. The circuit board comprises an antenna tuning circuit adapted to tune a feed impedance of an antenna, the antenna electrically connected to the circuit board, and an antenna proximity sensing circuit adapted to obtain proximity sensing information indicative of proximity of a part of a human body to the antenna. A method comprises obtaining, at an antenna proximity sensing circuit on a circuit board, proximity sensing information indicative of proximity of a part of a human body to an antenna, the antenna electrically connected to the circuit board, and, in response to the obtaining, providing, to an antenna tuning circuit on the circuit board, a tuning parameter value to adapt antenna tuning for the proximity of the part of the human body to the antenna.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/734,276, filed Jan. 3, 2020, entitled “UNIFIED ANTENNASYSTEM AND METHOD SUPPORTING 4G AND 5G MODEMS IN SAME DEVICE,” which isincorporated in its entirety herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure generally relates to information handlingsystems, and more particularly relates to a unified antenna system andmethod supporting 4G and 5G modems in single device.

BACKGROUND

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individualsand businesses seek additional ways to process and store information.One option available to users is information handling systems. Aninformation handling system generally processes, compiles, stores,and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or otherpurposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of theinformation. Because technology and information handling needs andrequirements vary between different users or applications, informationhandling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled,how the information is handled, how much information is processed,stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the informationmay be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in informationhandling systems allow for information handling systems to be general orconfigured for a specific user or specific use such as financialtransaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage,or global communications. In addition, information handling systems mayinclude a variety of hardware and software components that may beconfigured to process, store, and communicate information and mayinclude one or more computer systems, data storage systems, andnetworking systems.

For purposes of this disclosure, an information handling system mayinclude any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operableto compute, calculate, determine, classify, process, transmit, receive,retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, communicate, manifest,detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information,intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, or otherpurposes. For example, an information handling system may be a personalcomputer (e.g., desktop or laptop), tablet computer, mobile device(e.g., personal digital assistant (PDA) or smart phone), server (e.g.,blade server or rack server), a network storage device, or any othersuitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality,and price. The information handling system may include random accessmemory (RAM), one or more processing resources such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic, read-onlymemory (ROM), and/or other types of nonvolatile memory. Additionalcomponents of the information handling system may include one or moredisk drives, one or more network ports for communicating with externaldevices as well as various input and output (I/O) devices, such as akeyboard, a mouse, touchscreen and/or a video display. The informationhandling system may also include one or more buses operable to transmitcommunications between the various hardware components. The informationhandling system may also include telecommunication, networkcommunication, and video communication capabilities. The informationhandling system may also include one or more buses operable to transmitcommunications between the various hardware components. The informationhandling system may also include telecommunication, networkcommunication, and video communication capabilities. Informationhandling system chassis parts may include case portions such as for alaptop information handling system including the C-cover over componentsdesigned with a metal structure. The information handling system may beconfigurable with one or more antenna systems located within thechassis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration,elements illustrated in the Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.For example, the dimensions of some elements may be exaggerated relativeto other elements. Embodiments incorporating teachings of the presentdisclosure are shown and described with respect to the drawings herein,in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of information handling systemaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a network environment offering severalcommunication protocol options and mobile information handling systemsaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of an information handling systemplaced in an open configuration according to an embodiment of C-coverincluding a speaker grill according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of adevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multiple antennasystem according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view diagram of an information handling systemphysically configured in a notebook mode according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view diagram of an information handling systemphysically configured in a 360 mode according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a tabular diagram of a configuration table for an informationhandling system having adevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multiple antennasystem according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of adevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multiple transmitantenna system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a tabular diagram of a configuration table for an informationhandling system having adevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multiple transmitantenna system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a proximity sensing subsystem utilizing adielectrically coupled sensing element, the proximity sensing subsystemintegrated into an antenna front end module according to an embodimentof the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a proximity sensing subsystem utilizing aconductively coupled sensing element, the proximity sensing subsystemintegrated into an antenna front end module according to an embodimentof the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a proximity sensing subsystem integratedinto an antenna front end module according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a dynamictransmit power boost using an antenna front end module according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a dynamictransmit power boost using an antenna front end module withdirect-current detection of a connected antenna according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a unifiedantenna system architecture supporting multiple generations of radiomodems according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a plan view diagram of an apparatus for providing a unifiedantenna system architecture supporting multiple generations of radiomodems according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a plan view diagram of speaker grill antenna subsystem usinga speaker grill as a radiating element according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a is a plan view diagram of speaker grill antenna subsystemusing a conformal antenna slot peripheral to a speaker grill accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a prospective view diagram of a direct contact feed structureon the speaker grill with a tuner module according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a prospective view diagram of a coupled feed structure on thespeaker grill by using a laser direct structuring (LDS) antenna beneathspeaker grill according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an antenna front-end moduleincorporating both a proximity sensor and a power boost capabilityaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 22 is a plan diagram of a printed-circuit-board (PCB) layout for anantenna front-end module incorporating both a proximity sensor and apower boost capability according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 23 is a flow diagram of a method fordevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive utilization ofantennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 24 is a flow diagram of a method fordevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive utilization ofantennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 25 is a flow diagram of a method of utilization of an antennafront-end module incorporating both a proximity sensor and a power boostcapability according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 26 is a flow diagram of installation of an antenna front-end moduleincorporating both a proximity sensor and a power boost capabilityaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of a method for operating a radio module in aradiated mode or a conducted mode dependent upon a connection ordisconnection, respectively, of an antenna according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of an information handling system comprisingan antenna front-end module according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 29 is a flow diagram of a method to responsively perform antennatuning based on proximity sensing according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 30 is a flow diagram of a method for closed-loop control based onproximity sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings may indicatesimilar or identical items.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following description in combination with the Figures is provided toassist in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The descriptionis focused on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings,and is provided to assist in describing the teachings. This focus shouldnot be interpreted as a limitation on the scope or applicability of theteachings.

For aesthetic, strength, and performance reasons, information handlingsystem chassis parts may be designed with a metal structure. In anembodiment, a laptop information handling system, for example, mayinclude a plurality of covers for the interior components of theinformation handling system. In these embodiments, a form factor casemay include an “A-cover” which serves as a back cover for a displayhousing and a “B-cover” which may serve as the bezel, if any, and adisplay screen of the convertible laptop information handling system inan embodiment. In a further example, the laptop information handlingsystem case may include a “C-cover” housing a keyboard, touchpad, andany cover in which these components are set and a “D-cover” base housingfor the laptop information handling system.

With the need for utility of lighter, thinner, and more streamlineddevices, the use of full metal portions for the outer covers of thedisplay and base housing (e.g., the A-cover and the D-cover) isdesirable for strength as well as aesthetic reasons. At the same time,the demands for wireless operation also increase. This includes additionof many simultaneously operating radiofrequency (RF) systems, additionof more antennas, and utilization of various antenna types. In thepresent specification and in the appended claims, the term “radiofrequency” is meant to be understood as the oscillation rate of anelectromagnetic wave. A specific frequency of an electromagnetic wavemay have a wavelength that is equal to the speed of light (˜300,000km/s) divided by the frequency.

With new types of networks being developed such as 5G networks,additional antennas that operate on frequencies related to those 5Gnetworks (i.e., high frequency (HF) band, very high frequency (VHF)band, ultra-high frequency (VHF) band, L band, S band, C band, X band,Ku band, K band, Ka band, V band, W band, and millimeter wave bands). Soas to communicate with the existing networks as well as the newlydeveloped networks, additional antennas may be added to an informationhandling system. However, the thinner and more streamlined devices havefewer locations and area available for mounting RF transmitters on thesemobile information handling systems. Within the information handlingsystem, suitable locations for these RF systems and antennas besides theA-cover and B-covers are sought. This may lead to placing the RF systemsand antennas in the C-cover or D-cover of the information handlingsystems.

Another consequence of using metal covers is the excitation of the metalsurfaces of the covers described herein. This excitation of the metalsurfaces leads to destructive interference in the signals sent by theantenna. Thus, a streamlined, full metal chassis capable of meeting theincreasing wireless operation demands is needed.

Some information handling systems would address these competing needs byproviding for cutout portions of a metal outer chassis cover filled withplastic behind which RF transmitters/receivers would be mounted. Thecutouts to accommodate radio frequency (RF) transmitters/receivers areoften located in aesthetically undesirable locations and requireadditional plastic components to cover the cutout, thus not fullymeeting the streamlining needs. The plastic components may add acomponent to be manufactured and can be required to be seamlesslyintegrated into an otherwise smooth metal chassis cover to achieve alevel of aesthetics. Further, the plastic portions included may beexpensive to machine, and may require intricate multi-step processes forintegrating the metal and plastic parts into a single chassis. Thisrequirement could require difficult and expensive processes tomanufacture with a less aesthetically desirable result. Other optionsinclude, for aperture type antenna transmitters, creation of an aperturein the metal display panel chassis or base chassis and using the metalchassis as a ground plane for excitation of the aperture.

In addition, in the case of the convertible laptop information handlingsystem, 360-degree configurability may be a feature available to a userduring use. Thus, often an antenna such as an aperture antenna systemwould be located at the top (e.g., A-cover) with a plastic antennawindow in a metal chassis cover to radiate in 360-degree mode (such asclosed mode), or at the bottom (e.g., C-cover) to radiate in 360-degreemode (such as open mode). Such a configuration could make the displaypanel housing (e.g., A-cover) or even the base panel housing (e.g.,C-cover) thicker, to accommodate antennas and cables behind the plasticpanel at the top (or bottom) of either housing. Overall, an addition ofa plastic antenna window in an A-cover or C-cover may not meet thestreamlining needs. A solution is needed that does not increase thethickness of the metal chassis, and does not require additionalcomponents and manufacturing steps such as those associated withinstallation of extra RF transparent windows to break up the metalchassis in evident locations.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may decrease the complexity andcost of creating chasses for information handling systems by forming theouter chassis (e.g., the A-cover or the D-cover) of metal andimplementing a speaker grill, in a C-cover, for example, that has aportion of its perimeter that has been physically and operativelydisassociated from the C-cover. The use of the speaker grill as anantenna aperture allows for the co-location of an antenna aperture witha speaker of the information handling system thereby decreasing the sizeof the information handling system. Additionally, the use of an excitedspeaker grill at a location by a speaker provides for additional spaceat the B-cover to expand the size of any video display device of theinformation handling system by removing an antenna or antennas from theB-cover. This increases the usability of the information handling systemby allowing for the dual use of a speaker cavity as an antenna cavity.Additionally, the cavity-backed aperture created by the speaker grillmay be used to direct the RF electromagnetic (EM) radiation up and awayfrom the information handling system. In embodiments where theinformation handling system is to communicate with a wider network, theRF EM signals may be directed towards the horizon up through the C-coverincreasing the efficiency of data transmission between the informationhandling system and any access point in an open configuration.

The metal chassis in embodiments described herein may include a hingeoperably connecting the A-cover to the D-cover such that the keyboard,touchpad, and speaker grill enclosed within the C-cover and attached tothe D-cover may be placed in a plurality of configurations with respectto the digital display enclosed within the B-cover and attached to theA-cover. The plurality of configurations may include, but may not belimited to, an open configuration in which the A-cover is oriented at aright or obtuse angle from the D-cover (similar to an open laptopcomputer) and a closed configuration in which the A-cover liessubstantially parallel to the D-cover (similar to a closed laptopcomputer), or other orientations. Despite these differentconfigurations, however, the antenna vent co-located with an audiospeaker and its metallic vent provides for the streamlining of theinformation handling system without compromising the ability of theantenna to transmit and receive data from and to the informationhandling system.

Manufacture of embodiments of the present disclosure may involve fewerextraneous parts than previous chassis by forming the exterior or outerportions of the information handling system, including the bottomportion of the D-cover and the top portion of the A-cover, from metal insome embodiments. In order to allow for manufacture of fully or nearlyfully metallic outer chasses including the A-cover and the D-cover,embodiments of the present disclosure form the full form factor caseenclosing the information handling system such that one or moretransmitting antennas may be formed within the speaker grill integratedinto the C-cover of the information handling system.

The transmitting antennas of embodiments of the present disclosure mayinclude a portion of a speaker grill formed into a cavity-backeddynamically tunable aperture by forming a slot around a portion of thespeaker grill and forming a cavity below the speaker grill. Thecavity-backed dynamically tunable aperture in embodiments of the presentdisclosure may be a highly effective improvement on wireless antennasemployed in other information handling systems. In embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the cavity-backed dynamically tunable aperture maybe cavity-backed due to the formation of a cavity behind the speakergrill that allows RF EM radiation to resonate within this cavity so asto increase the signal power of the transmitted RF EM radiation. Some orall of the speaker cavity may also be used as the antenna cavity in someembodiments. A cavity-backed dynamically tunable aperture in embodimentsof the present disclosure may cause the edges of the speaker grill toact as an RF excitable structure. Such a method of placing thecavity-backed dynamically tunable aperture at the speaker grill of theform factor case may hide the integration of any RF transparent plasticwindows around the speaker grill eliminates the placement of a windowelsewhere within the exterior of the A-cover, B-cover, C-cover, or theD-cover, thus decreasing the complexity and cost of manufacture. In someembodiments, a plastic trim ring may be used to visually hide the slotformed around the speaker grill. The antenna may then effectivelytransmit communications signal perpendicularly from the surface of theC-cover.

In embodiments described herein, the speaker grill may be excited usinga wireless interface adapter that includes a tuning module. The tuningmodule may, in the embodiments presented herein, be operatively coupledto the speaker grill to excite the speaker grill via an antenna element,and dynamically switch frequencies based on the target frequency to beemitted by the speaker grill. In order to switch between frequencies tobe emitted from the excited speaker grill, the tuning module may includea tunable capacitor. The tunable capacitor may be used to alter theratio of impedance to capacitive reactance at the speaker grill.

In embodiments described herein, the speaker grill may be flush with asurface of the C-cover, which is the surface most likely to interfacewith human body parts and be visible to the user. In such embodiments,the plastic trim ring may be visually innocuous to the user whilepreventing objects from passing through the slot formed between theexcited portion of the speaker grill and the remainder of the C-cover.Still further, the plastic trim ring may be held within the slot throughthe use of an undercut formed by the slot and the remaining border ofthe speaker grill that prevents the plastic trim ring from beingremoved. In an embodiment, the plastic trim ring may be compressionmolded into the slot so as to create a mechanical fit between thecompression molded trim ring and the undercut. Because the plastic trimring is made of plastic, any RF EM waves may be passed therethroughduring operation of the information handling system while stillpreventing foreign objects from entering the C-cover via the slotformed.

In embodiments described herein, the dimensions of the slot formedaround the portion of the speaker grill may be selected based on thefrequencies to be emitted by the cavity-backed dynamically tunableaperture at the speaker grill. In an embodiment, a length of the slotalong a single edge of the speaker grill is 70 mm. The slot may wraparound a width of the speaker grill for 20 mm, and return along a thirdside for 70 mm as well to provide a slot length of 160 mm in an exampleembodiment. In another embodiment, the length of the slot along a singleedge of the speaker grill is 40 mm along a first side. In thisembodiment, the slot may wrap around a width of the speaker grill andreturn along the third side. Each of first and third sides may be thesame length, or may be different lengths and a shunt may be used tobifurcate the slot lengths as well. These specific lengths may allow thespeaker grill to emit lower and higher frequencies (i.e., the 70 mmembodiment) or higher frequencies (i.e., the 40 mm embodiment). In oneexample embodiment, presented herein, the width of the slot formedbetween the speaker grill and the C-cover may be 1.5 mm. In theembodiment, the 1.5 mm width may be sufficient to electrically isolatethat portion of the speaker grill from the C-cover thereby preventingany excitation currents being formed at the C-cover and causing electricnoise during RF EM transmission by the speaker grill.

Examples are set forth below with respect to particular aspects of aninformation handling system including case portions such as for a laptopinformation handling system including the chassis components designedwith a fully metal structure and configurable such that the informationhandling system may operate in any of several usage mode configurations.

FIG. 1 shows an information handling system 100 capable of administeringeach of the specific embodiments of the present disclosure. Theinformation handling system 100, in an embodiment, can represent themobile information handling systems 210, 220, and 230 or servers orsystems located anywhere within network 200 described in connection withFIG. 2 herein, including the remote data centers operating virtualmachine applications. Information handling system 100 may represent amobile information handling system associated with a user or recipientof intended wireless communication. A mobile information handling systemmay execute instructions via a processor such as a microcontroller unit(MCU) operating both firmware instructions or hardwired instructions forthe antenna adaptation controller 134 to achieve WLAN or WWAN antennaoptimization according to embodiments disclosed herein. The applicationprograms operating on the information handling system 100 maycommunicate or otherwise operate via concurrent wireless links,individual wireless links, or combinations over any available radioaccess technology (RAT) protocols including WLAN protocols. Theseapplication programs may operate in some example embodiments assoftware, in whole or in part, on an information handling system whileother portions of the software applications may operate on remote serversystems. The antenna adaptation controller 134 of the presentlydisclosed embodiments may operate as firmware or hardwired circuitry orany combination on controllers or processors within the informationhanding system 100 for interface with components of a wireless interfaceadapter 120. It is understood that some aspects of the antennaadaptation controller 134 described herein may interface or operate assoftware or via other controllers associated with the wireless interfaceadapter 120 or elsewhere within information handling system 100. In anembodiment, the antenna adaptation controller 134 may control a tuningmodule used to excite the speaker grill as described herein. The tuningmodule may, in the embodiments presented herein, be operatively coupledto the speaker grill, for example via an antenna element, to excite thespeaker grill and dynamically switch frequencies based on the targetfrequency to be emitted by the speaker grill. In order to switch betweenfrequencies to be emitted from the excited speaker grill, the tuningmodule may include a tunable capacitor. The tunable capacitor may beused to alter the ratio of impedance to capacitive reactance at thespeaker grill.

Information handling system 100 may also represent a networked server orother system from which some software applications are administered orwhich wireless communications such as across WLAN or WWAN may beconducted. In other aspects, networked servers or systems may operatethe antenna adaptation controller 134 for use with a wireless interfaceadapter 120 on those devices similar to embodiments for WLAN or WWANantenna optimization operation according to according to variousembodiments.

The information handling system 100 may include a processor 102 such asa central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), orboth. Moreover, the information handling system 100 can include a mainmemory 104 and a static memory 106 that can communicate with each othervia a bus 108. As shown, the information handling system 100 may furtherinclude a video display unit 110, such as a liquid crystal display(LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a flat panel display, ora solid-state display. Display 110 may include a touch screen displaymodule and touch screen controller (not shown) for receiving user inputsto the information handling system 100. Touch screen display module maydetect touch or proximity to a display screen by detecting capacitancechanges in the display screen. Additionally, the information handlingsystem 100 may include an input device 112, such as a keyboard, and acursor control device, such as a mouse or touchpad or similar peripheralinput device. The information handling system may include a power sourcesuch as battery 114 or an A/C power source. The information handlingsystem 100 can also include a disk drive unit 116, and a signalgeneration device 118, such as a speaker or remote control. Theinformation handling system 100 can include a network interface devicesuch as a wireless adapter 120. The information handling system 100 canalso represent a server device whose resources can be shared by multipleclient devices, or it can represent an individual client device, such asa desktop personal computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, awearable computing device, or a mobile smart phone.

The information handling system 100 can include sets of instructions 124that can be executed to cause the computer system to perform any one ormore desired applications. In many aspects, sets of instructions 124 mayimplement wireless communications via one or more antenna systems 132available on information handling system 100. In embodiments presentedherein, the sets of instructions 124 may implement wirelesscommunications via one or more antenna systems 132 formed as part of aspeaker grill formed within a C-cover of a laptop-type informationhandling system. Operation of WLAN and WWAN wireless communications maybe enhanced or otherwise improved via WLAN or WWAN antenna operationadjustments via the methods or controller-based functions relating tothe antenna adaptation controller 134 disclosed herein. For example,instructions or a controller may execute software or firmwareapplications or algorithms which utilize one or more wireless links forwireless communications via the wireless interface adapter as well asother aspects or components. The antenna adaptation controller 134 mayexecute instructions as disclosed herein for monitoring wireless linkstate information, information handling system configuration data,specific absorption rate (SAR) proximity sensor detection, or otherinput data to generate channel estimation and determine antennaradiation patterns. In the embodiments presented herein, the antennaadaptation controller 134 may execute instructions as disclosed hereinto transmit a communications signal from an antenna system formed aspart of a speaker grill that is excited to resonant a target frequencyat a slot formed around a portion of the speaker grill in order totransmit an electromagnetic wave at the target frequency or harmonicsthereof. The term “antenna system” described herein is meant to beunderstood as any object that emits a RF electromagnetic (EM) wavetherefrom. According to some embodiments described herein an “antennasystem” includes a speaker grill that is excited by an excitationcircuit that includes a tuning module. This excitation of the speakergrill may cause RF EM waves to be emitted at edges of portions of thespeaker grill where a slot has been formed around the speaker grill toboth physically and operatively uncoupled at least a portion of thespeaker grill from a C-cover of the information handling system.

Additionally, the antenna adaptation controller 134 may prevent noisesourced beyond the speaker grill from creating interference with thedetermined frequency, or harmonics thereof. In the embodiments presentedherein, the antenna adaptation controller 134 may execute instructionsas disclosed herein to adjust, via a parasitic coupling element, changethe directionality and/or pattern of the emitted RF signals from theantenna.

The antenna adaptation controller 134 may implement adjustments towireless antenna systems and resources via a radio frequency integratedcircuit (RFIC) front end 125 and WLAN or WWAN radio module systemswithin the wireless interface device 120. The antenna adaptationcontroller 134, in an embodiment, may implement adjustments to wirelessantenna systems that operate on frequencies related to those 5G networks(i.e., high frequency (HF) band, very high frequency (VHF) band,ultra-high frequency (VHF) band, L band, S band, C band, X band, Kuband, K band, Ka band, V band, W band, and millimeter wave bands).Aspects of the antenna optimization for the antenna adaptationcontroller 134 may be included as part of an antenna front end 125 insome aspects or may be included with other aspects of the wirelessinterface device 120 such as WLAN radio module such as part of the radiofrequency (RF) subsystems 130. The antenna adaptation controller 134described in the present disclosure and operating as firmware orhardware (or in some parts software) may remedy or adjust one or more ofa plurality of antenna systems 132 via selecting power adjustments andadjustments to an antenna adaptation network to modify antenna radiationpatterns emitted by the speaker grill, an antenna element, and anyparasitic coupling element operations in various embodiments.

Multiple WLAN or WWAN antenna systems that include the speaker grill mayoperate on various communication frequency bands such as under IEEE802.11a and IEEE 802.11g (i.e., medium frequency (MF) band, highfrequency (HF) band, very high frequency (VHF) band, ultra-highfrequency (VHF) band, L band, S band, C band, X band, K_(u) band, Kband, K_(a) band, V band, W band, and millimeter wave bands) providingmultiple band options for frequency channels. In some embodiments, theantenna systems may operate as 5G networks that implement relativelyhigher data transfer wavelengths such as high frequency (HF) band, veryhigh frequency (VHF) band, ultra-high frequency (VHF) band, L band, Sband, C band, X band, Ku band, K band, Ka band, V band, W band, andmillimeter wave bands. Further antenna radiation patterns and selectionof antenna options or power levels may be adapted due physical proximityof other antenna systems, of a user with potential SAR exposure, orimprovement of RF channel operation according to received signalstrength indicator (RSSI), signal to noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate(BER), modulation and coding scheme index values (MCS), or datathroughput indications among other factors. In some aspects WWAN or WLANantenna adaptation controller may execute firmware algorithms orhardware to regulate operation of the one or more antenna systems 132such as WWAN or WLAN antennas in the information handling system 100 toavoid poor wireless link performance due to poor reception, poor MCSlevels of data bandwidth available, or poor indication of throughput dueto indications of low RSSI, low power levels available (such as due toSAR), inefficient radiation patterns among other potential effects onwireless link channels used.

Various software modules comprising software application instructions124 or firmware instructions may be coordinated by an operating system(OS) and via an application programming interface (API). An exampleoperating system may include Windows®, Android®, and other OS typesknown in the art. Example APIs may include Win 32®, Core Java® API,Android® APIs, or wireless adapter driver API. In a further example,processor 102 may conduct processing of mobile information handlingsystem applications by the information handling system 100 according tothe systems and methods disclosed herein which may utilize wirelesscommunications. The computer system 100 may operate as a standalonedevice or may be connected such as using a network, to other computersystems or peripheral devices. In other aspects, additional processor orcontrol logic may be implemented in graphical processor units (GPUs) orcontrollers located with radio modules or within a wireless adapter 120to implement method embodiments of the antenna adaptation controller andantenna optimization according to embodiments herein. Code instructions124 in firmware, hardware or some combination may be executed toimplement operations of the antenna adaptation controller and antennaoptimization on control logic or processor systems within the wirelessadapter 120 for example.

In a networked deployment, the information handling system 100 mayoperate in the capacity of a server or as a client user computer in aserver-client user network environment, or as a peer computer system ina peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The informationhandling system 100 can also be implemented as or incorporated intovarious devices, such as a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, aset-top box (STB), a PDA, a mobile information handling system, a tabletcomputer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a communicationsdevice, a wireless smart phone, wearable computing devices, a controlsystem, a camera, a scanner, a printer, a personal trusted device, a webappliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any other machinecapable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise)that specify actions to be taken by that machine. In a particularembodiment, the computer system 100 can be implemented using electronicdevices that provide voice, video or data communication. Further, whilea single information handling system 100 is illustrated, the term“system” shall also be taken to include any collection of systems orsub-systems that individually or jointly execute a set, or multiplesets, of instructions to perform one or more computer functions.

The disk drive unit 116 may include a computer-readable medium 122 inwhich one or more sets of instructions 124 such as software can beembedded. Similarly, main memory 104 and static memory 106 may alsocontain computer-readable medium for storage of one or more sets ofinstructions, parameters, or profiles 124. The disk drive unit 116 andstatic memory 106 also contains space for data storage. Some memory orstorage may reside in the wireless adapter 120. Further, theinstructions 124 that embody one or more of the methods or logic asdescribed herein. For example, instructions relating to the WWAN or WLANantenna adaptation system or antenna adjustments described inembodiments herein may be stored here or transmitted to local memorylocated with the antenna adaptation controller 134, antenna front end125, or wireless module in RF subsystem 130 in the wireless interfaceadapter 120.

In a particular embodiment, the instructions, parameters, and profiles124 may reside completely, or at least partially, within a memory, suchas non-volatile static memory, during execution of antenna adaptation bythe antenna adaptation controller 134 in wireless interface adapter 132of information handling system 100. As explained, some or all of theWWAN or WLAN antenna adaptation and antenna optimization may be executedlocally at the antenna adaptation controller 134, RF front end 125, orwireless module subsystem 130. Some aspects may operate remotely amongthose portions of the wireless interface adapter or with the main memory104 and the processor 102 in parts including the computer-readable mediain some embodiments.

Battery 114 may be operatively coupled to a power management unit thattracks and provides power stat data 126. This power state data 126 maybe stored with the instructions, parameters, and profiles 124 to be usedwith the systems and methods disclosed herein in determining WWAN orWLAN antenna adaptation and antenna optimization in some embodiments.

The network interface device shown as wireless adapter 120 can provideconnectivity to a network 128, e.g., a wide area network (WAN), a localarea network (LAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), a wirelesspersonal area network (WPAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), orother network. Connectivity may be via wired or wireless connection.Wireless adapter 120 may include one or more RF subsystems 130 withtransmitter/receiver circuitry, modem circuitry, one or more unifiedantenna front end circuits 125, one or more wireless controller circuitssuch as antenna adaptation controller 134, amplifiers, antenna systems132 and other radio frequency (RF) subsystem circuitry 130 for wirelesscommunications via multiple radio access technologies. Each RF subsystem130 may communicate with one or more wireless technology protocols. TheRF subsystem 130 may contain individual subscriber identity module (SIM)profiles for each technology service provider and their availableprotocols for subscriber-based radio access technologies such ascellular LTE communications. The wireless adapter 120 may also includeantenna systems 132 which may be tunable antenna systems or may includean antenna adaptation network for use with the system and methodsdisclosed herein to optimize antenna system operation. Additionalantenna system adaptation network circuitry (not shown) may also beincluded with the wireless interface adapter 120 to implement WLAN orWWAN modification measures as described in various embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

In some aspects of the present disclosure, a wireless adapter 120 mayoperate two or more wireless links. In a further aspect, the wirelessadapter 120 may operate the two or more wireless links with a single,shared communication frequency band such as with the Wi-Fi WLANoperation or 5G LTE standard WWAN operations in an example aspect. Forexample, a 5 GHz wireless communication frequency band may beapportioned under the 5G standards for communication on eithersmall-cell WWAN wireless link operation or Wi-Fi WLAN operation as wellas other wireless activity in LTE, WiFi, WiGig, Bluetooth, or othercommunication protocols. In some embodiments, the shared, wirelesscommunication bands may be transmitted through one or a plurality ofantennas. Other communication frequency bands are contemplated for usewith the embodiments of the present disclosure as well.

In other aspects, the information handling system 100 operating as amobile information handling system may operate a plurality of wirelessadapters 120 for concurrent radio operation in one or more wirelesscommunication bands. The plurality of wireless adapters 120 may furtheroperate in nearby wireless communication bands in some disclosedembodiments. Further, harmonics, environmental wireless conditions, andother effects may impact wireless link operation when a plurality ofwireless links are operating as in some of the presently describedembodiments. The series of potential effects on wireless link operationmay cause an assessment of the wireless adapters 120 to potentially makeantenna system adjustments according to the WWAN or WLAN antennaadaptation control system of the present disclosure.

The wireless adapter 120 may operate in accordance with any wirelessdata communication standards. To communicate with a wireless local areanetwork, standards including Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standards,IEEE 802.15 wireless personal area network (WPAN) standards, wirelesswide area network (WWAN) such as 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) or 3^(rd)Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), or similarwireless standards may be used. Wireless adapter 120 and antennaadaptation controller 134 may connect to any combination ofmacro-cellular wireless connections including 2′ Generation (2G),2.5^(th) Generation (2.5G), 3rd Generation (3G), 4^(th) Generation (4G),5^(th) Generation (5G) or the like from one or more service providers.Utilization of RF communication bands according to several exampleembodiments of the present disclosure may include bands used with theWLAN standards and WWAN carriers which may operate in both license andunlicensed spectrums. For example, both WLAN and WWAN may use theUnlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band whichtypically operates in the ˜5 MHz frequency band, such as 802.11a/h/j/n/ac (e.g., having center frequencies between 5.170-5.785 GHz). Itis understood that any number of available channels may be availableunder the 5 GHz shared communication frequency band in exampleembodiments. WLAN, for example, may also operate at a 2.4 GHz band. WWANmay operate in a number of bands, some of which are propriety but mayinclude a wireless communication frequency band at approximately 2.5 GHzband for example. In additional examples, WWAN carrier licensed bandsmay operate at frequency bands of approximately 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1900MHz, or 1700/2100 MHz for example as well. In the example embodiment,mobile information handling system 100 includes both unlicensed wirelessRF communication capabilities as well as licensed wireless RFcommunication capabilities. For example, licensed wireless RFcommunication capabilities may be available via a subscriber carrierwireless service. With the licensed wireless RF communicationcapability, WWAN RF front end may operate on a licensed WWAN wirelessradio with authorization for subscriber access to a wireless serviceprovider on a carrier licensed frequency band. With the advent of 5Gnetworks, any number of protocols may be implemented including globalsystem for mobile communications (GSM) protocols, general packet radioservice (GPRS) protocols, enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE)protocols, code-division multiple access (CDMA) protocols, universalmobile telecommunications system (UMTS) protocols, long term evolution(LTE) protocols, long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) protocols, WiMAX,LTE, and LTE Advanced, LTE-LAA, small cell WWAN and IP multimedia corenetwork subsystem (IMS) protocols, for example, and any othercommunications protocols suitable for the method(s), system(s) anddevice(s) described herein, including any proprietary protocols.

The wireless adapter 120 can represent an add-in card, wireless networkinterface module that is integrated with a main board of the informationhandling system or integrated with another wireless network interfacecapability, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment the wirelessadapter 120 may include one or more RF subsystems 130 includingtransmitters and wireless controllers such as wireless module subsystemsfor connecting via a multitude of wireless links under a variety ofprotocols. In an example embodiment, an information handling system mayhave an antenna system transmitter 132 for 5G small cell WWAN, Wi-FiWLAN or WiGig connectivity and one or more additional antenna systemtransmitters 132 for macro-cellular communication. The RF subsystems 130include wireless controllers to manage authentication, connectivity,communications, power levels for transmission, buffering, errorcorrection, baseband processing, and other functions of the wirelessadapter 120.

The RF subsystems 130 of the wireless adapters may also measure variousmetrics relating to wireless communication pursuant to operation of anantenna system as in the present disclosure. For example, the wirelesscontroller of a RF subsystem 130 may manage detecting and measuringreceived signal strength levels, bit error rates, signal to noiseratios, latencies, power delay profile, delay spread, and other metricsrelating to signal quality and strength. Such detected and measuredaspects of wireless links, such as WWAN or WLAN links operating on oneor more antenna systems 132, may be used by the antenna adaptationcontroller to adapt the antenna systems 132 according to an antennaadaptation network according to various embodiments herein. In oneembodiment, a wireless controller of a wireless interface adapter 120may manage one or more RF subsystems 130. The wireless controller alsomanages transmission power levels which directly affect RF subsystempower consumption as well as transmission power levels from theplurality of antenna systems 132. The transmission power levels from theantenna systems 132 may be relevant to SAR safety limitations fortransmitting mobile information handling systems. To control and measurepower consumption via a RF subsystem 130, the RF subsystem 130 maycontrol and measure current and voltage power that is directed tooperate one or more antenna systems 132.

The wireless network may have a wireless mesh architecture in accordancewith mesh networks described by the wireless data communicationsstandards or similar standards in some embodiments but not necessarilyin all embodiments. The wireless adapter 120 may also connect to theexternal network via a WPAN, WLAN, WWAN or similar wireless switchedEthernet connection. The wireless data communication standards set forthprotocols for communications and routing via access points, as well asprotocols for a variety of other operations. Other operations mayinclude handoff of client devices moving between nodes, self-organizingof routing operations, or self-healing architectures in case ofinterruption.

In some embodiments, software, firmware, dedicated hardwareimplementations such as application specific integrated circuits,programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices can be constructedto implement one or more of the methods described herein. Applicationsthat may include the apparatus and systems of various embodiments canbroadly include a variety of electronic and computer systems. One ormore embodiments described herein may implement functions using two ormore specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with relatedcontrol and data signals that can be communicated between and throughthe modules, or as portions of an application-specific integratedcircuit. Accordingly, the present system encompasses software, firmware,and hardware implementations.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, themethods described herein may be implemented by firmware or softwareprograms executable by a controller or a processor system. Further, inan exemplary, non-limited embodiment, implementations can includedistributed processing, component/object distributed processing, andparallel processing. Alternatively, virtual computer system processingcan be constructed to implement one or more of the methods orfunctionalities as described herein.

The present disclosure contemplates a computer-readable medium thatincludes instructions, parameters, and profiles 124 or receives andexecutes instructions, parameters, and profiles 124 responsive to apropagated signal; so that a device connected to a network 128 cancommunicate voice, video or data over the network 128. Further, theinstructions 124 may be transmitted or received over the network 128 viathe network interface device or wireless adapter 120.

Information handling system 100 includes one or more applicationprograms 124, and Basic Input/Output System and firmware (BIOS/FW) code124. BIOS/FW code 124 functions to initialize information handlingsystem 100 on power up, to launch an operating system, and to manageinput and output interactions between the operating system and the otherelements of information handling system 100. In a particular embodiment,BIOS/FW code 124 reside in memory 104, and include machine-executablecode that is executed by processor 102 to perform various functions ofinformation handling system 100. In another embodiment (notillustrated), application programs and BIOS/FW code reside in anotherstorage medium of information handling system 100. For example,application programs and BIOS/FW code can reside in drive 116, in a ROM(not illustrated) associated with information handling system 100, in anoption-ROM (not illustrated) associated with various devices ofinformation handling system 100, in storage system 107, in a storagesystem (not illustrated) associated with network channel of a wirelessadapter 120, in another storage medium of information handling system100, or a combination thereof. Application programs 124 and BIOS/FW code124 can each be implemented as single programs, or as separate programscarrying out the various features as described herein.

While the computer-readable medium is shown to be a single medium, theterm “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiplemedia, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associatedcaches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term“computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capableof storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution bya processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or moreof the methods or operations disclosed herein.

In a particular non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, thecomputer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as amemory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatileread-only memories. Further, the computer-readable medium can be arandom-access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally,the computer-readable medium can include a magneto-optical or opticalmedium, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device to storeinformation received via carrier wave signals such as a signalcommunicated over a transmission medium. Furthermore, a computerreadable medium can store information received from distributed networkresources such as from a cloud-based environment. A digital fileattachment to an e-mail or other self-contained information archive orset of archives may be considered a distribution medium that isequivalent to a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, the disclosure isconsidered to include any one or more of a computer-readable medium or adistribution medium and other equivalents and successor media, in whichdata or instructions may be stored.

FIG. 2 illustrates a network 200 that can include one or moreinformation handling systems 210, 220, 230. In a particular embodiment,network 200 includes networked mobile information handling systems 210,220, and 230, wireless network access points, and multiple wirelessconnection link options. A variety of additional computing resources ofnetwork 200 may include client mobile information handling systems, dataprocessing servers, network storage devices, local and wide areanetworks, or other resources as needed or desired. As partiallydepicted, systems 210, 220, and 230 may be a laptop computer, tabletcomputer, 360-degree convertible systems, wearable computing devices, ora smart phone device. These mobile information handling systems 210,220, and 230, may access a wireless local network 240, or they mayaccess a macro-cellular network 250. For example, the wireless localnetwork 240 may be the wireless local area network (WLAN), a wirelesspersonal area network (WPAN), or a wireless wide area network (WWAN). Inan example embodiment, LTE-LAA WWAN may operate with a small-cell WWANwireless access point option.

Since WPAN or Wi-Fi Direct Connection 248 and WWAN networks canfunctionally operate similar to WLANs, they may be considered aswireless local area networks (WLANs) for purposes herein. Components ofa WLAN may be connected by wireline or Ethernet connections to a widerexternal network. For example, wireless network access points may beconnected to a wireless network controller and an Ethernet switch.Wireless communications across wireless local network 240 may be viastandard protocols such as IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11ad WiGig, IEEE802.15 WPAN, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 1914/1904, IEEE P2413/1471/42010, or 5Gsmall cell WWAN communications such as eNodeB, or similar wirelessnetwork protocols. Alternatively, other available wireless links withinnetwork 200 may include macro-cellular connections 250 via one or moreservice providers 260 and 270. Service provider macro-cellularconnections may include 2G standards such as GSM, 2.5G standards such asGSM EDGE and GPRS, 3G standards such as W-CDMA/UMTS and CDMA 2000, 4Gstandards, or 5G standards including GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, IMS, WiMAX,LTE, and LTE Advanced, LTE-LAA, small cell WWAN, and the like.

Wireless local network 240 and macro-cellular network 250 may include avariety of licensed, unlicensed or shared communication frequency bandsas well as a variety of wireless protocol technologies ranging fromthose operating in macrocells, small cells, picocells, or femtocells.

In some embodiments according to the present disclosure, a networkedmobile information handling system 210, 220, or 230 may have a pluralityof wireless network interface systems capable of transmittingsimultaneously within a shared communication frequency band. Thatcommunication within a shared communication frequency band may besourced from different protocols on parallel wireless network interfacesystems or from a single wireless network interface system capable oftransmitting and receiving from multiple protocols. Similarly, a singleantenna or plural antennas may be used on each of the wirelesscommunication devices. Example competing protocols may be local wirelessnetwork access protocols such as Wi-Fi/WLAN, WiGig, and small cell WWANin an unlicensed, shared communication frequency band. Examplecommunication frequency bands may include unlicensed 5 GHz frequencybands or 3.5 GHz conditional shared communication frequency bands underFCC Part 96. Wi-Fi ISM frequency bands that may be subject to sharinginclude 2.4 GHz, 60 GHz, 900 MHz or similar bands as understood by thoseof skill in the art. Within local portion of wireless network 250 accesspoints for Wi-Fi or WiGig as well as small cell WWAN connectivity may beavailable in emerging 5G technology such as high frequency (HF) band,very high frequency (VHF) band, ultra-high frequency (VHF) band, L band,S band, C band, X band, Ku band, K band, Ka band, V band, W band, andmillimeter wave bands. This may create situations where a plurality ofantenna systems are operating on a mobile information handling system210, 220 or 230 via concurrent communication wireless links on both WLANand WWAN and which may operate within the same, adjacent, or otherwiseinterfering communication frequency bands. The antenna may be atransmitting antenna that includes high-band, medium-band, low-band, andunlicensed band transmitting antennas. Alternatively, embodiments mayinclude a single transceiving antennas capable of receiving andtransmitting, and/or more than one transceiving antennas. Each of theantennas included in the information handling system 100 in anembodiment may be subject to the FCC regulations on SAR. The antenna inthe embodiments described herein is an aperture antenna (i.e., acavity-backed dynamic tunable aperture antenna system) intended forefficient use of space within a metal chassis of an information handlingsystem. Aperture antennas in embodiments of the present disclosure maybe an effective improvement on wireless antennas employed in previousinformation handling systems.

The voice and packet core network 280 may contain externally accessiblecomputing resources and connect to a remote data center 286. The voiceand packet core network 280 may contain multiple intermediate webservers or other locations with accessible data (not shown). The voiceand packet core network 280 may also connect to other wireless networkssimilar to 240 or 250 and additional mobile information handling systemssuch as 210, 220, 230 or similar connected to those additional wirelessnetworks. Connection 282 between the wireless network 240 and remotedata center 286 or connection to other additional wireless networks maybe via Ethernet or another similar connection to the world-wide-web, aWAN, a LAN, another WLAN, or other network structure. Such a connection282 may be made via a WLAN access point/Ethernet switch to the externalnetwork and be a backhaul connection. The access point may be connectedto one or more wireless access points in the WLAN before connectingdirectly to a mobile information handling system or may connect directlyto one or more mobile information handling systems 210, 220, and 230.Alternatively, mobile information handling systems 210, 220, and 230 mayconnect to the external network via base station locations at serviceproviders such as 260 and 270. These service provider locations may benetwork connected via backhaul connectivity through the voice and packetcore network 280.

Remote data centers may include web servers or resources within a cloudenvironment that operate via the voice and packet core 280 or otherwider internet connectivity. For example, remote data centers caninclude additional information handling systems, data processingservers, network storage devices, local and wide area networks, or otherresources as needed or desired. Having such remote capabilities maypermit fewer resources to be maintained at the mobile informationhandling systems 210, 220, and 230 allowing streamlining and efficiencywithin those devices. Similarly, remote data center permits fewerresources to be maintained in other parts of network 200.

Although 215, 225, and 235 are shown connecting wireless adapters ofmobile information handling systems 210, 220, and 230 to wirelessnetworks 240 or 250, a variety of wireless links are contemplated.Wireless communication may link through a wireless access point (Wi-Fior WiGig), through unlicensed WWAN small cell base stations such as innetwork 240 or through a service provider tower such as that shown withservice provider A 260 or service provider B 270 and in network 250. Inother aspects, mobile information handling systems 210, 220, and 230 maycommunicate intra-device via 248 when one or more of the mobileinformation handling systems 210, 220, and 230 are set to act as anaccess point or even potentially a WWAN connection via small cellcommunication on licensed or unlicensed WWAN connections. For example,one of mobile information handling systems 210, 220, and 230 may serveas a Wi-Fi hotspot in an embodiment. Concurrent wireless links toinformation handling systems 210, 220, and 230 may be connected via anyaccess points including other mobile information handling systems asillustrated in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of a metal chassis including a basechassis and display chassis placed in an open configuration according toan embodiment of the present disclosure. The open configuration is shownfor illustration purposes. It is understood that a closed configurationwould have the lid chassis fully closed onto the base chassis. The metalchassis 300 in an embodiment may comprise an outer metal case or shellof an information handling system such as a tablet device, laptop, orother mobile information handling system. As shown in FIG. 3, the metalchassis 300, in an embodiment, may further include a plurality ofchassis or cases. For example, the metal chassis 300 may further includean A-cover 302 functioning to enclose a portion of the informationhandling system. As another example, the metal chassis 300, in anembodiment, may further include a D-cover 304 functioning to encloseanother portion of the information handling system along with a C-cover308 which may include a transmitting/receiving antenna according to theembodiments described herein. The C-cover 308 may include, for example,a keyboard, a trackpad, or other input/output (I/O) device. When placedin the closed configuration, the A-cover 302 forms a top outerprotective shell, or a portion of a lid for the information handlingsystem, while the D-cover 304 forms a bottom outer protective shell, ora portion of a base. When in the fully closed configuration, the A-cover302 and the D-cover 304 would be substantially parallel to one another.

In some embodiments, both the A-cover 302 and the D-cover 304 may becomprised entirely of metal. In some embodiments, the A-cover 302 andD-cover 304 may include both metallic and plastic components. Forexample, plastic components that are radio-frequency (RF) transparentmay be used to form a portion of the C-cover 308 where a speaker grill310 interfaces with the C-cover 308. According to the embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the speaker grill 310 may be formed as a part of theC-cover. In these examples, the speaker grill 310 may be formed withinthe C-cover 308 by forming a speaker grill 310 on a side portion of theC-cover 308 as shown in FIG. 3. In the embodiments described herein, aportion of the speaker grill 310 may be physically separated from theC-cover 308 by forming a slot around a portion of the speaker grill 310.As is described herein, the length of the slot around the portion of thespeaker grill 310 may be dependent on a target frequency to be emittedupon excitation of the speaker grill 310 by a tuning module.Additionally, in the present specification and in the appended claims,the term “portion” is meant to be understood as a part of a whole.Therefore, in the embodiments disclosed herein, the slot formed aroundthe speaker grill 310 may be less than a total cut-out of the speakergrill 310 from the C-cover 308.

The speaker grill 310 may, therefore, be an integral part of the C-cover308. In these examples, the speaker grill 310 may also be used to coveror protect a speaker placed below the C-cover 308 and speaker grill 310in order to provide audio output to a user of the information handlingsystem. The formation of the antenna system that incorporates thespeaker grill 310 as the excitation object allows for the removal of theantenna system from the A-cover 302 and B-cover 306 or for the additionof antenna systems that may be required such as with implementations ofvarious 5G technologies. Consequently, the space within the A-cover302/B-cover 306 assembly where an antenna may have been placed may beeliminated allowing for a relatively larger video display device placedtherein, for example. As a result of placing the antenna within theC-cover 308 as part of the speaker grill 310, the capabilities ofinformation handling system may be increased while also increasing usersatisfaction during use.

In an embodiment, the speaker grill 310 may be formed at any location onthe C-cover 308. Therefore, although FIG. 3 shows two speaker grills 310located to the left and right of a keyboard 112, the presentspecification contemplates that the speaker grill 310 or speaker grills310 may be formed along any surface of the C-cover 308. In theembodiments, each of the individual speaker grills 310 may be excited toemit an RF EM wave signal at different frequencies allowing for theability of the information handling system to communicate on a varietyof RATs.

In an embodiment, the A-cover 302 may be movably connected to a backedge of the D-cover 304 via one or more hinges. In this configurationshown in FIG. 3 the hinges allow the A-cover 302 to rotate from and tothe D-cover 304 allowing for multiple orientations of the informationhandling system as described herein. In an embodiment, the informationhandling system may include a sensor to detect the orientation of theinformation handling system and activate or deactivate any of a numberof antenna systems associated with the speaker grill 310 based on theoccurrence of any specific orientation. In some embodiments, theinformation handling system may be a laptop with limited rotation of theA-cover 304 with regard to the D-cover 304, for example up to 180°. Inother embodiments the information handling system may be a convertibleinformation handling system with full rotation to a tabletconfiguration.

FIG. 4 shows a device-and-user-physical-configuration-responsivemultiple antenna system according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. Device-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multipleantenna system 400 comprises integrated sensor hub (ISH) 401, enclosurecontroller (EC) 402, radio frequency (RF) module 403, antenna switch404, proximity sensor (P-sensor) integrated circuit (IC) 405, antenna406, and antenna 407. ISH 401 provides information from sensors, whichmay include, for example, a hinge position sensor to indicate a positionof a hinge connecting a base system side housing to a display panelhousing, or, as another example, an orientation sensor (e.g., a tiltsensor) to indicate an orientation of at least one of the base systemside housing and the display panel housing.

Information provided by ISH 401 can include, for example, a modeindication representative of a physical configuration of IHS 100 to EC402 via interconnect 408. EC 402 is a processor for controllinginformation handling system components within an enclosure of theinformation handling system, as opposed to a general-purpose processorfor executing user applications. EC 402 provides control signals to RFmodule 403 at interconnects 409, 410, and 411. As an example, EC 402 canprovide a mode indication signal representative of a device physicalconfiguration (e.g., whether the device is in a device physicalconfiguration corresponding to a notebook mode or a device physicalconfiguration corresponding to a 360 mode) at interconnect 409, a firstantenna proximity sensor trigger signal at interconnect 410, and asecond antenna proximity sensor trigger signal at interconnect 411.

The first antenna proximity sensor trigger signal can be responsive tothe triggering of a first antenna proximity sensor for a first antenna.The second antenna proximity sensor trigger signal can be responsive tothe triggering of a second antenna proximity sensor for a secondantenna. RF module 403 receives the control signals. RF module logicallyoperates on the control signals to produce a control switch signalprovided to antenna switch 404. As an example, antenna switch 404 may beof a double-pole double-throw (DPDT) configuration, allowing theconnection of a transmission (TX) port of RF module 403 to either one ofantennas 406 and 407 and connection of a reception (RX) port of RFmodule 403 to an opposite one of the antennas 406 and 407. Thus, in afirst position, antenna switch 404 can connect the TX port to antenna406 and the RX port to antenna 407, and, in a second position, antennaswitch 404 can connect the TX port to antenna 407 and the RX port toantenna 406. The TX port of RF module 403 is connected to a TX port ofantenna switch 404 via transmit signal interconnect 412.

The RX port of RF module 403 is connected to a RX port of antenna switch404 via receive signal interconnect 413. A first antenna port of antennaswitch 404 is connected to antenna 406 via antenna interconnect 414. Asecond antenna port of antenna switch 404 is connected to antenna 407via antenna interconnect 415. Sensing conductor 416 is coupled to afirst sensing input of P-sensor IC 405. Sensing conductor 417 is coupledto a second sensing input of P-sensor IC 405. P-sensor IC 405 provides aproximity sensor signal to EC 402 via interconnect 418. EC 402 uses theinterconnect signal to provide the first antenna proximity sensortrigger signal at interconnect 410 and the second antenna proximitysensor trigger signal at interconnect 411 to indicate the proximity of auser to antenna 406 and 407, respectively.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view diagram of an information handling systemphysically configured in a notebook mode according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. Information handling system 500 includes antenna501, antenna 502, display panel housing 503, base system side housing504, keyboard 505, touchpad 506, and hinge 507. Information handlingsystem 500 is resting on SAR phantom 508. Antenna 501 is located indisplay panel housing 503. Antenna 502 is located in base system sidehousing 504. Keyboard 505 and touchpad 506 are located in base systemside housing 504. Hinge 507 is connected to display panel housing 503and base system side housing 504 and rotatably joins display panelhousing 503 to base system side housing 504.

As shown in FIG. 5, information handling system 500 is in a physicalconfiguration referred to as notebook mode, wherein display panelhousing 503 meets base system side housing 504 at an angle between 90and 180 degrees. In such a configuration, antenna 501 is elevated at aheight above the SAR phantom 508, keeping it far from SAR phantom 508.Antenna 502 is much closer to SAR phantom 508. In such a configuration,it may be preferable to utilize, for example, antenna 501 as a transmitantenna and antenna 502 as a receive antenna, or, as another example,antenna 501 as a transmit and receive antenna and antenna 502 as areceive antenna or an unused antenna.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view diagram of an information handling systemphysically configured in a 360 mode according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. Information handling system 600 comprises the sameelements as information handling system 500 of FIG. 5 but positionedinto a physical configuration referred to as a 360 mode, wherein displaypanel housing 503 meets base system side housing 504 at an angle between180 and 360 degrees, where zero degrees would be closed (with thekeyboard facing the display screen). In such a configuration, antenna501 is lowered to be only slightly above the SAR phantom 508, whileantenna 502 is farther from SAR phantom 508. In such a configuration, itmay be preferable to utilize, for example, antenna 502 as a transmitantenna and antenna 501 as a receive antenna, or, as another example,antenna 502 as a transmit and receive antenna and antenna 501 as areceive antenna or an unused antenna.

FIG. 7 is a tabular diagram of a configuration table for an informationhandling system having adevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multiple antennasystem according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Logictables 700 comprise a logic table for EC 402 and a logic table for RFmodule 403. In the logic table for EC 402, columns 701 of EC inputvalues yield a column 702 of EC output values. Column 703 of columns 701pertains to output values of ISH 401. Column 704 of columns 701 pertainsto output values of P-sensor IC 405. Rows 705 pertain to cases where theoutput value of ISH 401 indicates a notebook mode of the IHS. Rows 706pertain to cases where the output value of ISH 401 indicates a 360 modeof the IHS.

In the case where the ISH is in a notebook mode and neither P-sensor istriggered, the EC output to the RF module is not triggered. In the casewhere the ISH is in the notebook mode and the Ant1 P-sensor istriggered, the EC output to the RF module is not triggered. In the casewhere the ISH is in the notebook mode and the Ant2 P-sensor istriggered, the EC output to the RF module is not triggered. In the casewhere the ISH is in the notebook mode and both the Ant1 and Ant2P-sensors are triggered, the EC output to the RF module is nottriggered.

In the case where the ISH is in a 360 mode and neither P-sensor istriggered, the EC output to the RF module is not triggered. In the casewhere the ISH is in the 360 mode and the Ant1 P-sensor is triggered, theAnt1 triggered signal is sent to the RF module. In the case where theISH is in the 360 mode and the Ant2 P-sensor is triggered, the Ant2triggered signal is sent to the RF module. In the case where the ISH isin the 360 mode and both the Ant1 and Ant2 P-sensors are triggered, theAnt1 and Ant2 triggered signals are sent to the RF module. Whereterminology such as Ant1 triggered signal, Ant2 triggered signal, Ant1and Ant2 triggered signals, or discussion of an antenna being triggeredis used herein, such terminology should be understood to refer to thetriggering of proximity sensing based on a proximity sensor probeassociated with the referenced antenna (e.g., Ant1, Ant2, etc.).

In the logic table for RF module 403, columns 711 of RF module inputvalues yield a column 712 of antenna switch values for transmission anda column 713 of dynamic power reduction (DPR) values. Rows 714 pertainto cases where the output value of ISH 401 indicates a notebook mode ofthe IHS. Rows 715 pertain to cases where the output value of ISH 401indicates a 360 mode of the IHS.

In the case where the ISH is in a notebook mode and neither P-sensor istriggered as an input to the RF module, the first antenna (Ant1) isselected as the antenna for transmission and no DPR is performed. In thecase where the ISH is in the notebook mode and the Ant1 P-sensor istriggered as an input to the RF module, the first antenna (Ant1) isselected as the antenna for transmission and no DPR is performed. In thecase where the ISH is in the notebook mode and the Ant2 P-sensor istriggered as an input to the RF module, the first antenna (Ant1) isselected as the antenna for transmission and no DPR is performed. In thecase where the ISH is in the notebook mode and both the Ant1 and Ant2P-sensors are triggered as inputs to the RF module, the first antenna(Ant1) is selected as the antenna for transmission and no DPR isperformed.

In the case where the ISH is in a 360 mode and neither P-sensor istriggered as input to the RF module, the first antenna (Ant1) isselected as the antenna for transmission and no DPR is performed. In thecase where the ISH is in the 360 mode and the Ant1 P-sensor is triggeredas an input to the RF module, the second antenna (Ant2) is selected asthe antenna for transmission and no DPR is performed. In the case wherethe ISH is in the 360 mode and the Ant2 P-sensor is triggered as aninput to the RF module, the first antenna (Ant1) is selected as theantenna for transmission and no DPR is performed. In the case where theISH is in the 360 mode and both the Ant1 and Ant2 P-sensors aretriggered as inputs to the RF module, the antenna of Ant1 and Ant2 withthe lower SAR value is selected as the antenna for transmission and DPRis applied to either Ant1 or Ant2.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, multi-mode multi-antennacontrol using single feedback mechanism is provided. In accordance withat least one embodiment, a best-antenna-selection (BAS) dynamic powerreduction (DPR) system is provided. As an example, such a DPR system canbe used for a fourth generation (4G) gigabit 4×4 360 personal computer(PC), where 4×4 refers to multiple antennas instantiated in aninformation handling system and 360 refers to an ability of the PC to bereoriented from a notebook mode to a 360 mode, as described herein.

In 4G long-term evolution (LTE) technology, a single transmit antenna issufficient among several (e.g., four) antennas that may be implementedin a device, such as an information handling system. The one transmitantenna may be provided with P-sensor circuit to detect the presence ofa portion of a human body in proximity to the transmit antenna and totrigger cut-off of power when the portion of the human body approaches.Even though a device has P-sensor circuit, transmit power should be cutoff when the portion of the human body approaches the antenna. Theamount of power cut off can be varied. For example, some device may needless power cut off, but some device may require a huge amount of powercut off based on the antenna type, device form factor, antenna location,or other factors. The amount of power cut off can impact a user'ssatisfaction to enjoy a wireless network environment.

To minimize the amount of power cut off, an antenna switch is used toredirect the transmit power intentionally toward an antenna path for anantenna which is not triggered by proximity of a human body or which canoperate with a smaller amount of power cut off, depending on user'sscenarios such as for a notebook mode, for a tablet mode, when a firstantenna is in proximity to the human body, when a second antenna is inproximity to the human body or when multiple antennas are in proximityto the human body, or based on other criteria.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a circuit and method areprovided to switch a transmit signal from a first antenna having aproximity sensor triggered by a human body to a second antenna having aproximity sensor not triggered by the human body, or, to whichever ofthe first antenna and the second antenna which can be permissiblyoperated using a smaller amount of power cut off.

In accordance with an example, in a notebook mode, a first antenna(Ant1) is free from the human body and the RF module is allowed totransmit maximum transmit power via Ant1, so an antenna switch willdirect the transmit signal, which need not be reduced, to Ant1 toradiate the desired transmit power. In accordance with an example, in a360 mode, either Ant1 or a second antenna (Ant2) can be triggered byhuman body, in which case the antenna switch will direct the transmitsignal to either of Ant1 or Ant2 which is not triggered by proximity ofa human body. In case both antennas are triggered by proximity of ahuman body, the antenna switch will direct the transmit signal to theantenna which has a smaller amount of transmit power reduction (cutoff), so that antenna performance can be maximized.

FIG. 8 shows a device-and-user-physical-configuration-responsivemultiple transmit antenna system according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. Device-and-user-physical-configuration-responsivemultiple antenna system 800 includes ISH 801, enclosure controller (EC)802, radio frequency (RF) module 803, proximity sensor (P-sensor)integrated circuit (IC) 805, antenna 806, and antenna 807. ISH 801provides a mode indication representative of a physical configuration ofIHS 100 to EC 802 via interconnect 808. EC 802 provides control signalsto RF module 803 at interconnects 809, 810, and 811.

As an example, EC 802 can provide a mode indication signalrepresentative of a device physical configuration (such as whether thedevice is in a device physical configuration corresponding to a notebookmode or a device physical configuration corresponding to a 360 mode) atinterconnect 809, a first antenna proximity sensor trigger signal atinterconnect 810, and a second antenna proximity sensor trigger signalat interconnect 811. The first antenna proximity sensor trigger signalcan be responsive to the triggering of a first antenna proximity sensorfor a first antenna. The second antenna proximity sensor trigger signalcan be responsive to the triggering of a second antenna proximity sensorfor a second antenna. RF module 803 receives the control signals. RFmodule logically operates on the control signals to produce a firsttransmit signal for a first antenna at a first TX port 812 and a secondtransmit signal for a second antenna at a second TX port 813.

The first TX port 812 of RF module 803 is connected to antenna 806 viaantenna interconnect 814. The second TX port 813 of RF module 803 isconnected to antenna 807 via antenna interconnect 815. Sensing conductor816 is coupled to a first sensing input of P-sensor IC 805. Sensingconductor 817 is coupled to a second sensing input of P-sensor IC 805.P-sensor IC 805 provides a proximity sensor signal to EC 802 viainterconnect 818. EC 802 uses the interconnect signal to provide thefirst antenna proximity sensor trigger signal at interconnect 810 andthe second antenna proximity sensor trigger signal at interconnect 811to indicate the proximity of a user to antenna 806 and 807,respectively. Based on the input signals received at RF module 803, RFmodule 803 can select antenna 806, antenna 807, or both for transmissionand can perform dynamic power reduction (DPR) for antenna 806, antenna807, or both.

FIG. 9 is a tabular diagram of a configuration table for an informationhandling system having adevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive multiple transmitantenna system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Logic table 900 has a column 902 serving as a legend for the entries ofcolumns 903 and 904, where column 903 pertains to a notebook mode andcolumn 904 pertains to a 360 mode of operation of an informationhandling system. Rows 907, 908, and 909 pertain to a first power table.The first power table may, for example, contain information for a firstRF mode, such as a fourth-generation (4G) cellular modem RF mode. Rows910, 911, and 912 pertain to a second power table. The second powertable may, for example, contain information for a second RF mode, suchas a fifth-generation (5G) cellular modem RF mode. Rows 907 and 910 eachinclude separate rows for first antenna Ant1 and second antenna Ant2.Rows 909 and 912 each include separate rows for first antenna Ant1 andsecond antenna Ant2.

Power table 1 illustrates an example of transmit power values for a LTEstandalone case (for example 4G). Within power table 1 (rows 907, 908,and 909), when the P-sensor signals for Ant1 and Ant2 are both inactiveand the mode detection from the ISH indicates the notebook mode of theIHS, no back-off of power is applied to either Ant1 or Ant2. If theP-sensor for Ant1 is active, but the P-sensor for Ant2 is inactive andthe mode detection from the ISH indicates the notebook mode of the IHS,the TX power for Ant1 is configured to be 18 decibels relative to amilliwatt (dBm), and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 23 dBm.If the P-sensor for Ant2 is active, but the P-sensor for Ant1 isinactive and the mode detection from the ISH indicates the notebook modeof the IHS, the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 18 dBm, and the TXpower for Ant1 is configured to be 23 dBm. If the P-sensor for Ant1 isactive, and the P-sensor for Ant2 is active, and the mode detection fromthe ISH indicates the notebook mode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 isconfigured to be 18 dBm, and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be18 dBm.

Within power table 1 (rows 907, 908, and 909), when the P-sensor signalsfor Ant1 and Ant2 are both inactive and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the 360 mode of the IHS, no back-off of power is applied toeither Ant1 or Ant2. If the P-sensor for Ant1 is active, but theP-sensor for Ant2 is inactive and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the 360 mode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 is configuredto be 16 dBm, and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 23 dBm. Ifthe P-sensor for Ant2 is active, but the P-sensor for Ant1 is inactiveand the mode detection from the ISH indicates the 360 mode of the IHS,the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 16 dBm, and the TX power forAnt1 is configured to be 23 dBm. If the P-sensor for Ant1 is active, andthe P-sensor for Ant2 is active, and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the 360 mode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 is configuredto be 16 dBm, and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 16 dBm.

Power table 2 illustrates an example of transmit power values for anEN-DC case, which is dual transmission (for example 5G). Within powertable 2 (rows 910, 911, and 912), when the P-sensor signals for Ant1 andAnt2 are both inactive and the mode detection from the ISH indicates thenotebook mode of the IHS, no back-off of power is applied to either Ant1or Ant2. If the P-sensor for Ant1 is active, but the P-sensor for Ant2is inactive and the mode detection from the ISH indicates the notebookmode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 is configured to be 14 dBm, andthe TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 23 dBm. If the P-sensor forAnt2 is active, but the P-sensor for Ant1 is inactive and the modedetection from the ISH indicates the notebook mode of the IHS, the TXpower for Ant2 is configured to be 14 dBm, and the TX power for Ant1 isconfigured to be 22 dBm. If the P-sensor for Ant1 is active, and theP-sensor for Ant2 is active, and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the notebook mode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 isconfigured to be 14 dBm, and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be14 dBm.

Within power table 2 (rows 910, 911, and 912), when the P-sensor signalsfor Ant1 and Ant2 are both inactive and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the 360 mode of the IHS, no back-off of power is applied toeither Ant1 or Ant2. If the P-sensor for Ant1 is active, but theP-sensor for Ant2 is inactive and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the 360 mode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 is configuredto be 10 dBm, and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 22 dBm. Ifthe P-sensor for Ant2 is active, but the P-sensor for Ant1 is inactiveand the mode detection from the ISH indicates the 360 mode of the IHS,the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 10 dBm, and the TX power forAnt1 is configured to be 22 dBm. If the P-sensor for Ant1 is active, andthe P-sensor for Ant2 is active, and the mode detection from the ISHindicates the 360 mode of the IHS, the TX power for Ant1 is configuredto be 10 dBm, and the TX power for Ant2 is configured to be 10 dBm.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a multi-mode dynamictransmit power control mechanism supporting multiple radio accesstechnology (RAT) is provided. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, a DPR mechanism for communication systems utilizing multipletransmit antennas, such as mobile radio for a 5G cellular network, suchas an Evolved-Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) New Radio-Dual Connectivity(EN-DC) radio, is provided in a manner that may be implemented, forexample, for use with a 360 PC (a PC capable of being used in a 360mode).

Some communication systems, such as 5G cellular networks, can utilize oreven require simultaneous use of two transmission antennas in one mobiledevice. Other communication systems, such as 4G cellular networks, canbe operated using only a single transmission antenna for the mobiledevice. Using two transmit antennas at the same time can complicate SARregulatory compliance when part of a human body is located in proximityto at least one of the antennas, as the antenna may still need to serveas a transmit antenna even with the proximity of the human body, whichrequires much power cut off as compared to a system where only a singletransmit antenna is needed and a transmit signal can simply be directedto an antenna farther from the human body to meet SAR regulatoryrequirements. A larger amount of power reduction (cut off) is notdesired for better antenna and throughput performance in the field eventhough technology is advanced to what should be a higher-performancenetwork technology, such as 5G. As an example, a device supporting a 360mode could need a huge power cut off in the case of both being in the360 mode and supporting simultaneous transmission of transmit power viaat least two antennas. Transmit power cut off should be efficient tomaximize a user's satisfaction to enjoy a wireless environment with newtechnology.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, transmit power reduction canbe mitigated by reducing (cutting off) power dynamically using a smartcircuit and method responsive to each of a plurality of scenarios,wherein such scenarios may be a combination of parameter values such asa device mode (for example a notebook mode or a 360 mode), number oftransmissions from the device, a number of antennas of a device, anumber of transmit antennas of a device, a number of antennas for whicha proximity sensor sensing proximity of a part of a user's body has beentriggered, etc.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an EC has ISH and P-sensorinputs and sends the information obtained therefrom to a RF module. TheRF module can determine maximum transmit power by an intentional logictable based on sensor and modem information. The device can avoidexcessive power reduction in the cases of certain scenarios. Transmitpower can be managed using the logic table.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, for situations where thereare two transmit antennas transmitting power at the same time wheneveran information handling system is in either a notebook mode or a 360mode, it can be difficult to meet a SAR regulatory requirement withoutdiminishing transmit power to an extent that significantly affectsperformance. A dynamic power reduction method according to an antenna orantennas for which proximity of a human body is detected using aP-sensor and in dependence on a physical configuration mode of theinformation handling system allows a RF module to provide transmit powerefficiently and minimize antenna performance sacrifice.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a power table can indicatesan example of how much the RF module can transmit power in each scenarioto meet a SAR regulatory requirement by operating within a SAR limit. Asan example of legacy P-sensor trigger function, the module shouldtransmit a maximum of 10 dBm at any mode since the worst scenario (EN-DCin 360 mode) requires only 10 dBm power. By using a trigger circuit andmethod as described herein, a RF module can transmit power dynamicallyand antenna performance can be maximized according to the each scenario.

FIG. 10 shows a proximity sensing subsystem utilizing a dielectricallycoupled sensing element, the proximity sensing subsystem integrated intoan antenna front end module according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. Proximity sensing subsystem 1000 includes RF module 1001,antenna 1002, interconnect 1003, proximity sensing probe 1004,interconnect 1005, P-sensor routing path 1006, and interconnect 1007.Proximity sensing subsystem 1000 provides integration of a sensingchannel into RF module 1001. The integrated sensing channel allows aproximity sensing probe signal from proximity sensing probe 1004 to besent via interconnect 1005 to RF module 1001, which provides an outputvia interconnect 1007 to P-sensor routing path 1006. As an example,P-sensor routing path 1006 can be connected to a P-sensor IC on amotherboard of the information handling system. By integrating aP-sensor wire into the RF module, the need for an additional coaxialcable for P-sensor path routing can be avoided, simplifyingmanufacturing and reducing cost. The integration of the sensing channelinto RF module 1001 can avoid losses of discrete techniques for couplinga P-sensor input to an antenna environment and can simplify theinstallation of proximity sensing capability along with the RF moduleand its antenna subsystem. In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, aradiative coupling can be used in relation to proximity sensing probe1004 and antenna 1002.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a proximity sensing subsystem utilizinga conductively coupled sensing element, the proximity sensing subsystemintegrated into an antenna front end module according to an embodimentof the present disclosure. Proximity sensing subsystem 1100 includes RFmodule 1101, antenna 1102, interconnect 1103, interconnect 1105,P-sensor routing path 1106, and interconnect 1107. Proximity sensingsubsystem 1100 provides integration of a sensing channel into RF module1101. The integrated sensing channel allows a proximity sensing probesignal from antenna 1102 to be sent conductively via interconnect 1105to RF module 1101, which provides an output via interconnect 1107 toP-sensor routing path 1106. As an example, P-sensor routing path 1106can be connected to a P-sensor IC on a motherboard of the informationhandling system. By integrating a P-sensor wire into the RF module, theneed for an additional coaxial cable for P-sensor path routing can beavoided, simplifying manufacturing and reducing cost. The integration ofthe sensing channel into RF module 1101 can avoid losses of discretetechniques for coupling a P-sensor input to an antenna environment andcan simplify the installation of proximity sensing capability along withthe RF module and its antenna subsystem. In the example illustrated inFIG. 11, a conductive coupling can be used in relation to antenna 1102.

FIG. 12 shows a proximity sensing subsystem integrated into an antennafront end module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Proximity sensing subsystem 1200 includes RF module 1201, antennaelement 1202, interconnect 1203, proximity sensing probe 1204,interconnect 1205, P-sensor routing path 1206, interconnect 1207,interconnect 1211, antenna element 1212, interconnect 1213, interconnect1214, and antenna feed line 1215. Antenna feed line 1215 is connected tointerconnect 1203, which is connected to interconnects 1211 and 1214.Interconnect 1211 is connected to antenna element 1202. Interconnect1214 is connected to interconnect 1213, which is connected to antennaelement 1212. Antenna elements 1202 and 1212 can work cooperatively asan array antenna to direct radiated RF energy. Proximity sensingsubsystem 1200 provides integration of a sensing channel into RF module1201. The integrated sensing channel allows a proximity sensing probesignal from proximity sensing probe 1204 to be sent via interconnect1205 to RF module 1201, which provides an output via interconnect 1207to P-sensor routing path 1206. As an example, P-sensor routing path 1206can be connected to a P-sensor IC on a motherboard of the informationhandling system. By integrating a P-sensor wire into the RF module, theneed for an additional coaxial cable for P-sensor path routing can beavoided, simplifying manufacturing and reducing cost. The integration ofthe sensing channel into RF module 1201 can avoid losses of discretetechniques for coupling a P-sensor input to an antenna environment andcan simplify the installation of proximity sensing capability along withthe RF module and its antenna subsystem. In the example illustrated inFIG. 12, a radiative coupling can be used in relation to proximitysensing probe 1204 and antenna elements 1202 and 1212.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an apparatus and method forintegration of proximity sensing circuitry within an antenna front endmodule is provided. In accordance with at least one embodiment, routingof circuitry of a proximity sensor is provided using an antenna frontend module.

A specific absorption rate (SAR) is the rate at which RF energy is beingabsorbed by a human body and is governed by regulatory authoritiesaround the world. Due to SAR regulatory requirements, when antennas areclose to the human body during normal usage, a proximity sensor detectsthe presence of human interaction with the device near the antennas.When human presence is detected, power reduction is triggered in orderto comply with SAR requirements. Integrating P-sensors in limitedvolumes with a cost effective solution without deteriorating antennaperformance has become an increasing challenge.

Designing a dedicated sensing channel on an antenna front end module toact as an independent sensing channel or can be used for an integratedsensing channel independent of the feed matching network therebyreducing the additional mismatch losses from the added components.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, dual-functioning P-sensorarchitecture circuitry is integrated into an antenna front end module tobe used in integrated or standalone implementation.

One approach has been to use an independent sensing element with someform of independent cabling. Another approach has been to have some formof impedance matched circuitry at the antenna feed in conjunction withthe P-sensor circuitry.

FIG. 13 shows an apparatus for providing a dynamic transmit power boostusing an antenna front end module according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. Apparatus 1300 includes RF module 1301, antenna port1302, antenna port 1303, interconnect 1304, interconnect 1305, antennaconnection detection circuit 1306, antenna connection detection circuit1307, interconnection 1308, interconnection 1309, antenna 1310, andantenna 1311. RF module 1301 has antenna port 1302, which is connectedto interconnect 1304, which is connected to antenna connection detectioncircuit 1306, which is connected to interconnection 1308, which isconnected to antenna 1310. RF module 1301 has antenna port 1303, whichis connected to interconnect 1305, which is connected to antennaconnection detection circuit 1307, which is connected to interconnection1309, which is connected to antenna 1311. Antenna connection detectioncircuit 1306 works cooperatively with RF module 1301 to electricallydetect disconnection of the RF path from antenna 1310 to antenna port1302. Antenna connection detection circuit 1307 works cooperatively withRF module 1301 to electrically detect disconnection of the RF path fromantenna 1311 to antenna port 1303. As an example, one or both of antennadetection circuits 1306 and 1307 can apply a bias voltage to one or bothof interconnects 1304 and 1305, respectively, and the presence orabsence of that bias voltage at one or both of antenna ports 1302 and1303, respectively, can be used to detect the presence or absence of anRF path between one or both of antennas 1310 and 1311, respectively.

FIG. 14 shows an apparatus for providing a dynamic transmit power boostusing an antenna front end module with direct-current detection of aconnected antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Apparatus 1400 includes RF module 1401, antenna port 1402, antenna port1403, interconnect 1404, interconnect 1405, antenna connection detectioncircuit 1406, antenna connection detection circuit 1407, interconnection1408, interconnection 1409, antenna 1410, antenna 1411, voltage source1420, voltage source 1421, resistor 1422, resistor 1423, choke 1424,choke 1425, interconnect 1426, and interconnect 1427. RF module 1401 hasantenna port 1402.

Interconnect 1404, which would normally be connected to antenna port1402, is shown as being disconnected from antenna port 1402.Interconnect 1404 is connected to interconnect 1408 and interconnect1426. Interconnect 1408 is connected to antenna 1410. Interconnect 1426is connected to choke 1424 of antenna connection detection circuit 1406.RF module 1401 has antenna port 1403, which is connected to interconnect1405, which is connected to interconnect 1409 and interconnect 1427.Interconnect 1409 is connected to antenna 1411. Interconnect 1427 isconnected to choke 1425 of antenna connection detection circuit 1407.Antenna connection detection circuit 1406 works cooperatively with RFmodule 1301 to electrically detect disconnection of the RF path fromantenna 1410 to antenna port 1402. Antenna connection detection circuit1407 works cooperatively with RF module 1401 to electrically detectdisconnection of the RF path from antenna 1411 to antenna port 1403.

As an example, one or both of antenna detection circuits 1406 and 1407can apply a bias voltage to one or both of interconnects 1404 and 1405,respectively, and the presence or absence of that bias voltage at one orboth of antenna ports 1402 and 1403, respectively, can be used to detectthe presence or absence of an RF path between one or both of antennas1410 and 1411, respectively. Within antenna connection detection circuit1406, voltage source 1420 is connected to a first end of resistor 1422.A second end of resistor 1422 is connected to a first end of choke 1424.A second end of choke 1424 is connected to interconnect 1426. Withinantenna connection detection circuit 1407, voltage source 1421 isconnected to a first end of resistor 1423.

A second end of resistor 1423 is connected to a first end of choke 1425.A second end of choke 1425 is connected to interconnect 1427. Voltagesource 1420, as applied through resistor 1422 and choke 1424 tointerconnect 1426, which is connected to interconnect 1404, pullsinterconnect 1404 up to a pull-up voltage near the voltage of voltagesource 1420, allowing that pull-up voltage, or the absence thereof, tobe detected at antenna port 1402 of RF module 1401. Voltage source 1421,as applied through resistor 1423 and choke 1425 to interconnect 1427,which is connected to interconnect 1405, pulls interconnect 1405 up to apull-up voltage near the voltage of voltage source 1421, allowing thatpull-up voltage, or the absence thereof, to be detected at antenna port1403 of RF module 1401.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an apparatus and method fordynamic transmit power boost using an antenna front end module isprovided. Device internal dimensions are becoming smaller and formfactors are becoming thin, light and full aluminum or carbon fiber basedmaterials, hence it is getting more challenging to ensure the bestradiated performance can be achieved. Antenna designers and systemdesigners desire every decibel (dB) allowable from a RF module to ensurethe best system radiated performance can be maintained. Existingmanufacturing solutions allow for relatively large tolerance variationfor mass production following 3GPP specs (e.g., +/−2 dB) however if abatch of badly calibrated modules were to be distributed against thelower limits across the bands, this would severely impact the overallsystem performance of the finished products. Having to individuallyqualify all of the modules before they are assembled would be verycostly and inefficient, so a superior solution is described below.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, communication protocolstandards (such as 3GPP standards) for RF module conducted power shouldbe maintained when the RF module is measured at a conducted level.However, RF module calibration files can be offset with a “positive”offset tolerance allowing more output transmit power when in radiatedmode (e.g., normal user mode). In accordance with at least oneembodiment, detection circuitry is provided to identify when the antennais “disconnected” from the radio and the module operating under aconducted mode, as opposed to when the antenna is connected and moduleis operating under a radiated mode. By integrating the detectioncircuitry on the antenna front end module between the radio module RFport and the antenna port, detection of the presence or absence of anantenna can be provided without increasing a number of macroscopicphysical components to be installed during manufacturing of aninformation handling system. The flexibility the detection circuitryprovides overcomes a need to re-calibrate each module to maximumtransmit power for critical devices. Such laborious attention to eachmodule during the manufacturing process for performance critical testswas costly and inefficient and can be avoided by implementing thedetection circuitry.

As another example, a pull-up circuit can be added on the module side(such as at or near the module) and a ground (GND) circuit can be addedon antenna side (such as at or near the antenna or along thetransmission line leading to the antenna). A voltage applied as on themodule side could be detected as a high logic level when the antenna isnot connected and detected as a low logic level when the antenna isconnected and the voltage at the node is pulled to ground by the groundcircuit. As an example, an RF choke may be used in the ground circuit topull the node to ground at direct current (DC) while not loading thenode at RF.

FIG. 15 shows an apparatus for providing a unified antenna systemarchitecture supporting multiple generations of radio modems accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. Apparatus 1500 includesinformation handling system 1501 having multiple antennas, including atleast one transmit and receive (transceive) antenna and at least onereceive-only antenna. Transmit and receive antenna 1502 is coupled toinformation handling system 1501 via interconnect 1506. Antenna 1503,which may be a transmit and receive antenna or a receive-only antenna,is coupled to information handling system 1501 via interconnect 1507.Receive-only antenna 1504 is coupled to information handling system 1501via interconnect 1508. Receive-only antenna 1505 is coupled toinformation handling system 1501 via interconnect 1509. The same antennaconfiguration can be used for multiple generations (e.g., 4G and 5G) ofcellular modems. Each antenna can be usable for any of the multiplegenerations of cellular modems.

FIG. 16 shows an apparatus for providing a unified antenna systemarchitecture supporting multiple generations of radio modems accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. Apparatus 1600 includesinformation handling system 1601, main antenna 1602,multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) 2 antenna 1603, MIMO 3 antenna1604, and auxiliary antenna 1605. As an example for use with a 4Gcellular modem, main antenna 1603 can serve as a transmit and receiveantenna over a wide range of RF bands, such as a low band (LB), a midband (MB), a high band (HB), and an ultra high band (UHB). MIMO 2antenna 1603 can serve as a receive-only antenna for one or more bands,for example, for a MB and a HB. MIMO 3 antenna 1604 can serve as areceive-only antenna for one or more bands, for example, for a MB and aHB. Auxiliary antenna 1605 can serve as a receive-only antenna over awide range of RF bands, for example, over a LB, a MB, a HB, a UHB, and aGlobal Positioning System (GPS) band. As an example for use with a 5Gcellular modem, main antenna 1603 can serve as a transmit and receiveantenna over a wide range of RF bands, such as a LB, a MB, a HB, a UHB,and a 5G new radio (NR) sub-6-GHz band. MIMO 2 antenna 1603 can serve asa transmit and receive antenna for one or more bands, for example, for aMB, a HB, and a 5G NR sub-6-GHz band. MIMO 3 antenna 1604 can serve as areceive-only antenna for one or more bands, for example, for a MB, a HB,and a 5G NR sub-6-GHz band. Auxiliary antenna 1605 can serve as areceive-only antenna over a wide range of RF bands, for example, over aLB, a MB, a HB, a UHB, a Global Positioning System (GPS) band, and a 5GNR sub-6-GHz band.

FIG. 17 shows a speaker grill antenna subsystem using a speaker grill asa radiating element according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. Speaker grill antenna subsystem 1700 includes speaker grillantenna 1701, tunable module 1702, antenna feed line 1703, and groundplane 1704. A dielectric gap separates at least a portion of speakergrill antenna 1701 from ground plane 1704. Tunable module 1702 providesimpedance matching for coupling a RF module to speaker grill antenna1701 via antenna feed line. Speaker grill antenna 1701 allows a speakergrill to serve as a radiating element of speaker grill antenna subsystem1700.

FIG. 18 shows a speaker grill antenna subsystem using a conformalantenna slot peripheral to a speaker grill according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. Speaker grill antenna subsystem 1800 includesground plane 1801, conformal antenna slot 1802, coupled radiatingelement feed 1803, and ground post 1804. A dielectric gap separates atleast a portion of a conductive speaker grill from ground plane 1801.Ground plane 1801, the conductive speaker grill, and ground post 1804define a slot antenna utilizing conformal antenna slot 1802 and coupledradiating element feed 1803. Conformal antenna slot 1802 may comprise adielectric material. Coupled radiating element feed 1803 may comprise aconductive material. The position of ground post 1804 can tune conformalantenna slot 1802 to serve as a multi-mode slot. As an example, amulti-mode slot antenna can be used for communications in differentbands of RF spectrum.

FIG. 19 shows a direct contact feed structure on the speaker grill witha tuner module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Information handling system 1900 includes antenna front-end module 1904,RF cable 1907, RF cable mount 1901, RF cable shield 1902, RF cablecenter conductor 1903, antenna feed line 1906, panel 1908, and speakergrill 1909. Antenna front-end module 1904 comprises tuner module 1905.RF cable 1907 connects a radio modem to tuner module 1905 via RF cablecenter conductor 1903 and RF cable shield 1902. Antenna feed line 1906connects tuner module 1905 to panel 1908, which couples an RF signal tospeaker grill 1909, which serves as an antenna.

FIG. 20 shows a coupled feed structure on the speaker grill by using alaser direct structuring (LDS) antenna beneath speaker grill accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. Information handling system2000 includes cover 2001, conductive plate 2004, dielectric material2005, conductive coupling plate 2006, and antenna feed line 2007.Dielectric material 2003 is disposed within cover 2001. Dielectricmaterial 2003 can serve, for example, as an antenna slot. Speaker grill2002 is disposed within cover 2001. Conductive plate 2004 overlies aportion of speaker grill 2002 and dielectric material 2003. A RF signalcan be coupled from antenna feed line 2007 to conductive coupling plate2006, through dielectric material 2005, to conductive plate 2004, fromwhich it can be radiated by speaker grill 2002 serving as an antenna orthrough dielectric material 2003 serving as an antenna slot. Thus, aneffective antenna can be implemented even if cover 2001 is constructedof a RF shielding material, such as a metal.

FIG. 21 shows an antenna front-end module incorporating both a proximitysensor and a power boost capability according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. Antenna front-end module 2100 includes RF front-endIC 2108 and numerous passive components and connectors as describedbelow. RF input connector 2101 is connected to RF input connector 2102,which are both connected to a first terminal of inductor 2103 and afirst terminal of capacitor 2105. A second terminal of inductor 2103 isconnected to a first terminal of resistor 2104. A second terminal ofresistor 2104 is connected to a DC supply voltage, such as a 1.8V DCvoltage. A second terminal of capacitor 2105 is connected to a firstterminal of inductor 2016. A second terminal of inductor 2106 isconnected to an input terminal of RF front-end IC 2108, to a switchterminal of RF front-end IC 2108, to a first terminal of inductor 2107,and to a first terminal of capacitor 2113.

A second terminal of inductor 2107 is connected to a reference voltage,such as a ground reference voltage. A second terminal of capacitor 2113is connected to an output terminal of RF front-end IC 2108, to a switchterminal of RF front-end IC 2108, to a first terminal of inductor 2114,and to a first terminal of capacitor 2115. A second terminal of inductor2114 is connected to a reference voltage, such as a ground referencevoltage. A second terminal of capacitor 2115 is connected to a firstterminal of inductor 2116, to a first terminal of inductor 2120, to afirst terminal of resistor 2117, and to a first terminal of resistor2121. A second terminal of inductor 2116 is connected to a referencevoltage, such as a ground reference voltage. A second terminal ofinductor 2120 is connected to a reference voltage, such as a groundreference voltage. A second terminal of resistor 2117 is connected toantenna connectors 2118 and 2119. A second terminal of resistor 2121 isconnected to antenna connectors 2122 and 2123.

As an example, resistor 2117 can be a zero-ohm resistor serving as ajumper, allowing configuration to include or exclude antenna connectors2118 and 2119 by the inclusion or omission, respectively, of resistor2117 in the circuit. Accordingly, if antenna connectors 2118 and 2119are to be connected to the circuit, resistor 2117 can be omitted andreplaced by a continuous conductor. As an example, resistor 2121 can bea zero-ohm resistor serving as a jumper, allowing configuration toinclude or exclude antenna connectors 2122 and 2123 by the inclusion oromission, respectively, of resistor 2121 in the circuit. Accordingly, ifantenna connectors 2122 and 2123 are to be connected to the circuit,resistor 2121 can be omitted and replaced by a continuous conductor. Aswitch connection of RF front-end module 2108 is connected to a firstterminal of inductor 2109. A second terminal of inductor 2109 isconnected to a reference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage.

A switch connection of RF front-end module 2108 is connected to a firstterminal of inductor 2110. A second terminal of inductor 2110 isconnected to a reference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage. Aswitch connection of RF front-end module 2108 is connected to a firstterminal of inductor 2111. A second terminal of inductor 2111 isconnected to a reference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage. Aswitch connection of RF front-end module 2108 is connected to a firstterminal of inductor 2112. A second terminal of inductor 2112 isconnected to a reference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage.One or more terminals of RF front-end module 2108 are connected to areference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage. A terminal of RFfront-end module 2108 is connected to a DC supply voltage, such as a1.8V DC voltage. A terminal of RF front-end module 2108 is connected toa DC supply voltage, such as a 2.7V DC voltage.

Corner pad 2124 can be connected to a proximity sensing probe, which maybe positioned in proximity to an antenna to detect proximity of abiological entity, such as human body. Corner pad 2125 can be connectedto a proximity sensing probe, which may be positioned in proximity to anantenna to detect proximity of a biological entity, such as human body.Corner pad 2124 is connected to corner pad 2125, to a first terminal ofcapacitor 2126, and to a first terminal of inductor 2127. A secondterminal of capacitor 2126 is connected to a reference voltage, such asa ground reference voltage. A second terminal of inductor 2127 isconnected to a first terminal of P-sensor connector 2128 and to a firstterminal of P-sensor connector 2129.

A second terminal of P-sensor connector 2128 and a second terminal ofP-sensor connector 2129 are connected to a first terminal of resistor2130 and to a first terminal of resistor 2133. A second terminal ofresistor 2133 is connected to a DC supply voltage, such as a 2.7V DCvoltage, and to a first terminal of capacitor 2134. A second terminal ofcapacitor 2134 is connected to a reference voltage, such as a groundreference voltage. A second terminal of resistor 2130 is connected to athird terminal of P-sensor connector 2129, to a third terminal ofP-sensor connector 2130, and to a first terminal of resistor 2131. Asecond terminal of resistor 2131 is connected to a first terminal ofcapacitor 2132 and to a DC supply voltage, such as a 1.7V DC voltage.

A second terminal of capacitor 2132 is connected to a reference voltage,such as a ground reference voltage. A fourth terminal of P-sensorconnector 2128 is connected to a fourth terminal of P-sensor connector2129 and to a first terminal of resistor 2135. A second terminal ofresistor 2135 is connected to a first terminal of capacitor 2136 and toa serial clock terminal (SCLK) of RF front-end module 2108. A secondterminal of capacitor 2136 is connected to a reference voltage, such asa ground reference voltage. A fifth terminal of P-sensor connector 2128is connected to a fifth terminal of P-sensor connector 2129 and to afirst terminal of resistor 2137. A second terminal of resistor 2137 isconnected to a first terminal of capacitor 2138 and to serial dataterminal of RF front-end module 2108. A second end of capacitor 2138 isconnected to a reference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage.

One or more terminals of P-sensor connector 2128 and one or moreterminals of P-sensor connector 2129 may be connected to a referencevoltage, such as a ground reference voltage. One or more terminals ofconnector 2139, test point 2140, and test point 2141 may be connected toa reference voltage, such as a ground reference voltage.

FIG. 22 shows a printed-circuit-board (PCB) layout for an antennafront-end module incorporating both a proximity sensor and a power boostcapability according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Antennafront-end module 2200 is depicted as its PCB layout using referencenumerals as set forth above in the description of its schematic diagramillustrated in FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 shows a method fordevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive utilization ofantennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As anexample, the method of FIG. 23 may be beneficially applied for use withcommunication protocols, such as 4G cellular, where use of a singletransmit antenna is sufficient. If SAR compliance would otherwise becomeproblematic with a first antenna being used as a transmit antenna, thetransmit signal can be redirected to a second antenna, for which SARcompliance can be maintained. Method 2300 begins at block 2301 andcontinues to blocks 2302, 2303, and 2304, which may be performed inparallel or in series. At block 2302, the physical configuration of aninformation handling system is sensed, for example, by receiving aphysical configuration signal from an integrated sensor hub (ISH) ordirectly from a sensor such as a hinge position sensor, which mayalternatively provide the signal via the ISH. At block 2303, sensing isperformed as to whether or not a first antenna proximity sensor has beentriggered, such as by the presence of a biological entity, for example,a human body proximate to the first antenna.

At block 2304, sensing is performed as to whether or not a secondantenna proximity sensor has been triggered, such as by the presence ofa biological entity, for example, a human body proximate to the secondantenna. From blocks 2302, 2303, and 2304, method 2300 continues todecision block 2305. At decision block 2305, a decision is made, basedon the sensing of block 2302, as to whether or not the informationhandling system (IHS) is in a notebook mode. If so, method 2300continues to block 2306. At block 2306, the first antenna is used fortransmission without reducing transmit power. As an example, method 2300may continue to block 2306 and use the first antenna as a transmitantenna at a full power level not adaptively reduced for SAR compliancewhenever the IHS is in a notebook mode because a relationship of a humanbody to an IHS in notebook mode may be largely limited to a knownpattern, such as placement of hands above a keyboard of the IHS. Such awell-established relationship of the human body to the IHS can beexpected to keep the human body away from other areas of the IHS in thenotebook mode. For example, if the first antenna is placed near the topedge (with the display panel in a substantially vertical orientation) ofthe display panel housing, it can be expected that the human body willnot be near the first antenna during normal use in notebook mode. Forother implementations, where use in the notebook mode may give rise to awider spatial range of interactions with the human body relative to theIHS, block 2306 can be replaced by a conditional structure analogous tothat shown in FIG. 23 by decision blocks 2307, 2308, 2311, and blocks2309, 2310, 2312, and 2313. If, at decision block 2305, a decision ismade that the IHS is not in a notebook mode (but, e.g., in a 360 mode),method 2300 continues to decision block 2307. At decision block 2307, adecision is made, based on the sensing of block 2303, as to whether ornot the first antenna proximity sensor triggered. If so, method 2300continues to decision block 2308. At decision block 2308, a decision ismade, based on the sensing of block 2304, as to whether or not thesecond antenna proximity sensor is triggered. If so, method 2300continues to block 2309.

At block 2309, the IHS is configured to use whichever of the firstantenna and the second antenna provides the lowest SAR value and toreduce power for SAR compliance. If, at decision block 2308, a decisionis made that the second antenna proximity sensor has not been triggered,method 2300 continues to block 2310. At block 2310, the IHS isconfigured to use the second antenna for transmission without reducingtransmit power. If, at decision block 2307, a decision is made that thefirst antenna proximity sensor has not been triggered, method 2300continues to decision block 2311. At decision block 2311, a decision ismade, based on the sensing of block 2304, as to whether or not thesecond antenna has been triggered. If so, method 2300 continues to block2312. At block 2312, the IHS is configured to use the first antenna fortransmission without reducing transmit power. If, at decision block2311, a decision is mode that the second antenna has not been triggered,method 2300 continues to block 2313. At block 2313, the IHS isconfigured to use the first antenna for transmission without reducingtransmit power. In the example shown, blocks 2312 and 2313 areidentical, in which case decision block 2311 can be omitted, and method2300 can continue directly from the “no” branch of decision block 2307to either of block 2312 or block 2313, as shown by a dashed line. In anexample where blocks 2312 and 2313 are different, decision block 2311can be provided and method 2300 can proceed along the solid lines.

FIG. 24 shows a method fordevice-and-user-physical-configuration-responsive utilization ofantennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As anexample, the method of FIG. 24 may be beneficially applied for use withcommunication protocols, such as 5G cellular, where multiple transmitantennas are simultaneously employed. If SAR compliance would otherwisebecome problematic because of proximity of a human body to any of thetransmit antennas, the levels of transmit signals applied to differentones of the transmit antennas can be individually adjusted to assure SARcompliance. Method 2400 begins at block 2401 and continues to blocks2402, 2403, and 2404, which may be performed in parallel or in series.At block 2402, the physical configuration of an information handlingsystem is sensed, for example, by receiving a physical configurationsignal from an integrated sensor hub (ISH) or directly from a sensorsuch as a hinge position sensor, which may alternatively provide thesignal via the ISH. At block 2403, sensing is performed as to whether ornot a first antenna proximity sensor has been triggered, such as by thepresence of a biological entity, for example, a human body proximate tothe first antenna.

At block 2404, sensing is performed as to whether or not a secondantenna proximity sensor has been triggered, such as by the presence ofa biological entity, for example, a human body proximate to the secondantenna. From blocks 2402, 2403, and 2404, method 2400 continues todecision block 2407. At decision block 2407, a decision is made, basedon the sensing of block 2403, as to whether or not the first antennaproximity sensor triggered. If so, method 2400 continues to decisionblock 2408. At decision block 2408, a decision is made, based on thesensing of block 2404, as to whether or not the second antenna proximitysensor is triggered. If so, method 2400 continues to block 2409. Atblock 2409, the IHS is configured to use both the first antenna and thesecond antenna for reduced power transmission for SAR compliance. If, atdecision block 2408, a decision is made that the second antennaproximity sensor has not been triggered, method 2400 continues to block2410.

At block 2410, the IHS is configured to use the second antenna for highpower transmission and to use the first antenna for reduced transmitpower. If, at decision block 2407, a decision is made that the firstantenna proximity sensor has not been triggered, method 2400 continuesto decision block 2411. At decision block 2411, a decision is made,based on the sensing of block 2404, as to whether or not the secondantenna has been triggered. If so, method 2400 continues to block 2412.At block 2412, the IHS is configured to use the first antenna for highpower transmission and to use the second antenna for reduced transmitpower. If, at decision block 2411, a decision is made that the secondantenna has not been triggered, method 2400 continues to block 2413. Atblock 2413, the IHS is configured to use the first antenna and thesecond antenna for transmission without reducing transmit power.

FIG. 25 shows a method of utilization of an antenna front-end moduleincorporating both a proximity sensor and a power boost capabilityaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As an example, themethod of FIG. 25 may be beneficially applied for integration of aconductor for passage of a proximity sensor probe signal on the sameantenna front-end module having a conductor for passage of a RF signal,such as a transmit signal, a receive signal, or a combined transmit andreceive (transceive) signal. Such integration into the same antennafront-end module can simplify manufacturing of an IHS by avoiding a needfor separate installation of structures to accommodate passage of theproximity sensor probe signal and the RF signal. Method 2500 begins atblock 2501 and continues to blocks 2502, 2503, and 2504, which may beperformed in parallel or in series. At block 2502, a receive RF signalis received at an antenna connected to the antenna front-end module. Atblock 2503, a transmit RF signal is transmitted at an antenna connectedto the antenna front-end module. At block 2504, a proximity sensor probesignal is received at the antenna front-end module, as may be used todetermine the presence of a biological entity, for example, a human bodyproximate to the antenna. From blocks 2502, 2503, and 2504, method 2500continues to block 2505. At block 2505, the antenna front-end modulepasses the proximity sensor probe signal to a P-sensor IC. As anexample, the P-sensor IC may be located on a motherboard of the IHS andthe proximity sensor probe signal may be passed via a proximity sensorprobe signal interconnected connected to the P-sensor IC. From block2505, method 2500 continues to decision block 2506. At decision block2506, a decision is made, based on the proximity sensor probe signalreceived at block 2504, as to whether or not the antenna proximitysensor has been triggered. If so, method 2500 continues to block 2507.At block 2507, the IHS is reconfigured to use the antenna for SARcompliance. If, at decision block 2506, a decision is made that theantenna proximity sensor has not been triggered, method 2500 continuesto block 2508. At block 2508, the IHS maintains a high performanceantenna use configuration.

FIG. 26 shows the installation of an antenna front-end moduleincorporating both a proximity sensor and a power boost capabilityaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As an example, themethod of FIG. 26 may be beneficially applied during manufacturing forintegration of a conductor for passage of a proximity sensor probesignal on the same antenna front-end module having a conductor forpassage of a RF signal, such as a transmit signal, a receive signal, ora combined transmit and receive (transceive) signal. Such integrationinto the same antenna front-end module can simplify manufacturing of anIHS by avoiding a need for separate installation of structures toaccommodate passage of the proximity sensor probe signal and the RFsignal. Method 2600 begins at block 2601 and continues to block 2602. Atblock 2602, an antenna front-end module is installed in an informationhandling system. From block 2602, method 2600 continues to block 2603.At block 2603, an antenna is connected to the antenna front-end module.From block 2603, method 2600 continues to block 2604. At block 2604, aproximity sensor probe is connected to the antenna front-end module.From block 2604, method 2600 continues to block 2605. At block 2605, theantenna front-end module is connected to a proximity sensorinterconnect. The proximity sensor interconnect provides a path for aproximity sensor probe signal from the antenna front-end module to aP-sensor IC.

FIG. 27 shows a method for operating a radio module in a radiated modeor a conducted mode dependent upon a connection or disconnection,respectively, of an antenna according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. As an example, the method of FIG. 27 may be beneficiallyapplied to inform a RF module of the status of an antenna connected to(or disconnected from) the RF module for proper operation in a radiatedmode or a conducted mode. Method 2700 begins at block 2701 and continuesto block 2702. At block 2702, a bias voltage is applied to an antennasystem, the antenna system comprising an antenna and an antennafeedline. From block 2702, method 2700 continues to block 2703. At block2703, the presence or absence of the bias voltage is sensed. From block2703, method 2700 continues to decision block 2704. At block decisionblock 2704, a decision is made, based on the sensing of block 2703, asto whether or not the bias voltage is present. If so, method 2700continues to block 2705. At block 2705, a radio module is configured tobe operated in a radiated mode. If, at decision block 2704, a decisionis made that the bias voltage is not present, method 2700 continues toblock 2706. At block 2706, the radio module is configured to be operatedin a conducted mode.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a unified antenna systemarchitecture supporting modems for multiple communication systems (suchas 4G and 5G) in the same single device. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, a sharable antenna system is provided compatible withmultiple communication systems (such as 4G and 5G). Some late generation(such as 5G) radio modules can be expensive due to the technology beingat its infancy, which can significantly increase the product cost.Smartphone and PC original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) create 5G and4G devices in their portfolio to tier the product offering today.However, the ability to offer both 4G and 5G modem variants in the sameproduct has been difficult to achieve, as it requires significantproduct architecture, layout, chassis re-design, and other engineeringwork to assure compatibility. Creating a combined 4G and 5G product candrive significant development costs and resources to certify and shipthe product to market.

To overcome the lack of a desired solution in the marketplace, a productis provided that can support both 4G and 5G modem variants inside thesame device. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a unified frontend antenna architecture is provided that is both forward and backwardcompatible, allowing swapping in and out 4G or 5G cards inside theinformation handling system enclosure, enabling tiering in the samedevice, rather than having to create separate devices. This allowsdevelopment, certification, etc. to be efficiently performed forproviding significant savings in non-recurring engineering (NRE) costsand enabling faster time to market of both variants in the sameinformation handling system enclosure, while offering the marketingflexibility to provide a variety of products to meet particular customerdesires.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an information handlingsystem providing a 360 mode of operation and supporting multiple radiocommunication protocols (such as both 4G and 5G) is provided. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, a leveraged port and bandmapping between 4G & 5G radios is provided for antenna control. As anexample, a speaker grill can be used as 4G or 5G antenna or as both a 4Gand 5G antenna, allowing a variety of product variants to share a formfactor common to different tiers of the product variants. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, a unified antenna front end module can bebonded to speaker grill, allowing tuning for communication frequencies,such as 4G or 5G frequencies. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, a shared multiple (such as 4×4) antenna architecturesupporting multiple transmit and receive configurations for multiple RFcommunication protocols (e.g., a single transmitter for 4G and a dualtransmitter for 5G). In accordance with at least one embodiment, adynamic power control mechanism is provided for 4G and 5G RFcommunication protocols and for notebook device mode (which can bereferred to as 180 device mode) and 360 device mode, wherein suchdynamic power control mechanism can be implemented inside the modem andconfigured by on-board system sensors and an EC.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a unified antenna systemarchitecture enables use of 4G/5G modems in the same device. As anexample, the same set of antennas can be used for both 4G and 5Gcommunication. In an example with four antennas, all four antennas canbe configured to support both 4G and 5G, including 5G NR Sub 6 GHz. Asan example, for 4G communication, a main antenna can be configured fortransmission and reception on LB, MB, HB, and UHB bands, an auxiliaryantenna can be configured for receive-only use on LB, MB, HB, UHB bands,and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as the GlobalPositioning System (GPS), a MIMO antenna (MIMO2) can be configured forreceive-only use on MB and HB bands, and another MIMO antenna (MIMO3)can be configured for receive-only use on MB and HB bands. As anexample, for 5G communication, the main antenna can be configured fortransmission and reception on LB, MB, HB, UHB, and 5G NR Sub 6 GHzbands, the auxiliary antenna can be configured for receive-only use onLB, MB, HB, UHB, GPS, and 5G NR Sub 6 GHz bands, the MIMO antenna MIMO2can be configured for transmission and reception on MB, HB, and 5G NRSub 6 GHz bands, and the MIMO antenna MIMO3 can be configured forreceive-only use on MB, HB, and 5G NR Sub 6 GHz bands.

In a case where there are two transmit antennas transmitting powersimultaneously both when an information handling system is in a notebookmode and when the information handling system is in a 360 mode,compliance with a SAR regulatory requirement can be difficult to achievewithout significantly reducing transmit power, which can greatly reduceperformance to an unsatisfactory level. A dynamic power reduction methodresponsive to a physical configuration of the information handlingsystem (for example a notebook mode or a 360 mode) and a triggered modeof sensing proximity of a human body by using mode detection and Psensor can allow a RF module to provide transmit power efficiently andcan minimize antenna performance sacrifice.

A power table, an example of which is illustrated herein, can indicatehow much the RF module can transmit power in each scenario to meet a SARregulatory requirement. The data to populate the power table can beobtained by testing one or more specimens of an information handlingsystem with respect to a SAR phantom. As an example, while performing alegacy P-sensor trigger function, the RF module should transmit amaximum 10 dBm at any mode since the worst-case scenario (for exampleEN-DC in 360 mode) can be accommodated with power limited to 10 dBm. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, by using a trigger circuit andmethod as described herein, the RF module can transmit power dynamicallyand antenna performance can be maximized according to the each scenarioof physical configurations of the information handling system andproximity (or lack thereof) of a biological entity, such as a humanbody, to one or more antennas.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprises detectinga physical configuration of an information handling system; detectingthe presence of an object proximate to a first antenna of theinformation handling system; and switching a transmit signal from thefirst antenna to a second antenna of the information handling system inresponse to the detecting the physical configuration and the detectingthe presence of the object. In accordance with at least one embodiment,the physical configuration is, in a first state, a notebook mode, and,in a second state, a 360 mode. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the detecting the presence of an object comprises detectingthe presence of a human body. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the switching the transmit signal comprises switching anantenna switch connected to the first antenna and to the second antenna.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the method further comprisesproducing an antenna selection signal according to a logical table, thelogical table comprising data pertaining to the detecting the physicalconfiguration and the detecting the presence of the object. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, a physical configuration signaland a proximity sensor probe signal are processed by an enclosurecontroller, the enclosure controller providing control signals to aradio frequency (RF) module. In accordance with at least one embodiment,the method further comprises switching the transmit signal from thesecond antenna to the first antenna in response to a presence detectionproximate to the second antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an information handlingsystem (IHS) comprises a configuration sensor for sensing a physicalconfiguration of the IHS; a first antenna; a proximity sensor fordetecting the presence of an object proximate to the first antenna; anantenna switch configured to switch a transmit signal from the firstantenna to a second antenna of the information handling system inresponse to the physical configuration and the presence of the object.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the physical configurationis, in a first state, a notebook mode, and in a second state, a 360mode. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the detecting of thepresence of the object is detecting of the presence of a human body. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the antenna switch is adouble-pole double-throw (DPDT) antenna switch. In accordance with atleast one embodiment, the IHS further comprises a memory configured tostore a logical table, the logical table comprising data pertaining tothe detection of the physical configuration and the detection of thepresence of the object. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theIHS further comprises an enclosure controller (EC) configured to processa physical configuration signal and a proximity sensor probe signal andto provide control signals to a RF module. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the transmit signal is switched from the second antennato the first antenna in response to a presence detection proximate tothe second antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprises detectinga physical configuration of an information handling system; detectingthe presence of an object proximate to a first antenna of theinformation handling system; detecting the presence of an objectproximate to a second antenna of the information handling system; andadjusting a first transmit signal of the first antenna and a secondtransmit signal of a second antenna of the information handling systemin response to the detecting the physical configuration, the detectingthe presence of the object proximate to the first antenna, and thedetecting the presence of the object proximate to the second antenna. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the physical configuration is,in a first state, a notebook mode, and, in a second state, a 360 mode.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the detecting the presenceof an object comprises detecting the presence of a human body. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the adjusting the firsttransmit signal comprises reducing the first transmit signal to assureSAR compliance. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the methodfurther comprises adjusting the first transmit signal and the secondtransmit signal according to a logical table, the logical tablecomprising data pertaining to the detecting the physical configurationand the detecting the presence of the object. In accordance with atleast one embodiment, the method further comprises reducing the secondtransmit signal to the second antenna in response to a presencedetection proximate to the second antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an information handlingsystem (IHS) comprises a configuration sensor for sensing a physicalconfiguration of the IHS; a first antenna; a second antenna; a proximitysensor for detecting the presence of an object proximate to the firstantenna; a RF module configured to adjust a first transmit signal to thefirst antenna and a second transmit signal to a second antenna inresponse to the physical configuration and the presence of the object.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the physical configurationis, in a first state, a notebook mode, and in a second state, a 360mode. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the detecting of thepresence of the object is detecting of the presence of a human body. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the adjusting comprisesreducing the first transmit signal in response to detecting the presenceof the object proximate to the first antenna and reducing the secondtransmit signal in response to detecting the presence of the objectproximate to the second antenna. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the IHS further comprises a memory configured to store alogical table, the logical table comprising data pertaining to thedetection of the physical configuration and the detection of thepresence of the object. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theIHS further comprises an enclosure controller (EC) configured to processa physical configuration signal and a proximity sensor probe signal andto provide control signals to a RF module. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the first transmit signal and the second transmit signalare adjusted to assure SAR compliance.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprises receivinga first RF signal at an antenna connected to an antenna front-endmodule; transmitting a second RF signal at the antenna connected to theantenna front-end module; receiving a proximity sensor probe signal atthe antenna front-end module, the proximity sensor probe signal from aproximity sensor probe located in proximity to the antenna; passing theproximity sensor probe signal to a P-sensor IC; determining whether ornot the P-sensor has been triggered based on the proximity sensor probesignal; when the P-sensor has been triggered, reconfiguring antenna usefor SAR compliance; and, when the P-sensor has not been triggered,maintaining a high performance antenna use configuration. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the antenna front-end module provides aunified common physical electrical substrate for an RF path to conveythe first RF signal and the second RF signal and a proximity sensorprobe signal path to convey the proximity sensor probe signal. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the proximity sensor probesignal is received at a proximity sensor probe connector of the antennafront-end module. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theP-sensor IC is located on an information handling system motherboard. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the antenna front-end modulepasses the proximity sensor probe signal to the P-sensor IC via anelectrical interconnect. In accordance with at least one embodiment, thereconfiguring antenna use for SAR compliance comprises switching a RFtransmit signal to be provided to a different antenna. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the reconfiguring the antenna use for SARcompliance comprises reducing a level of a RF transmit signal to beprovided to the antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an information handlingsystem (IHS) comprises an antenna; a proximity sensor probe; and anantenna front-end module, the antenna connected to the antenna front-endmodule, the antenna configured to receive and transmit RF signals, theproximity sensor probe connected to the antenna front-end module, theantenna front-end module configured to receive a proximity sensor probesignal from the proximity sensor probe, the antenna front-end moduleconfigured to pass the proximity sensor probe signal to a P-sensor IC,wherein, when the P-sensor IC has been triggered, antenna use isreconfigured for SAR compliance and, when the P-sensor IC has not beentriggered, a high performance antenna use configuration is maintained.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the antenna front-end moduleprovides a unified common physical electrical substrate for an RF pathto convey the first RF signal and the second RF signal and a proximitysensor probe signal path to convey the proximity sensor probe signal. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the proximity sensor probesignal is received at a proximity sensor probe connector of the antennafront-end module. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theP-sensor IC is located on an information handling system motherboard. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the antenna front-end modulepasses the proximity sensor probe signal to the P-sensor IC via anelectrical interconnect. In accordance with at least one embodiment, thereconfiguring antenna use for SAR compliance comprises switching a RFtransmit signal to be provided to a different antenna. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the reconfiguring the antenna use for SARcompliance comprises reducing a level of a RF transmit signal to beprovided to the antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprisesinstalling an antenna front-end module in an information handlingsystem; connecting an antenna to the antenna front-end module;connecting a proximity sensor probe to the antenna front-end module; andconnecting the antenna front-end module to a proximity sensorinterconnect, the proximity sensor interconnect connected to a P-sensorIC.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprises applyinga bias voltage to an antenna system, the antenna system comprising anantenna and an antenna feed line; sensing a presence of the biasvoltage; when the bias voltage is sensed to be present, operating aradio module connected to the antenna system in a radiated mode; andwhen the bias voltage is sensed to be absent, operating the radio moduleconnected to the antenna in a conducted mode. In accordance with atleast one embodiment, the bias voltage is applied through a resistor. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the bias voltage is appliedthrough an inductor. In accordance with at least one embodiment, thebias voltage is applied through a resistor and an inductor. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the method further comprisesoperating the radio module with a positive offset of RF signal powerwhen in the radiated mode. In accordance with at least one embodiment,the method further comprises storing a positive offset valuecorresponding to the positive offset of RF signal power in a memorydevice. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the positive offsetvalue corresponds to a permissible radiated power level.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an information handlingsystem (IHS) comprises an antenna system, the antenna system comprisingan antenna and an antenna feed line; a bias voltage circuit connected tothe antenna system, the bias voltage circuit configured to apply a biasvoltage; and a bias voltage sensing circuit, the bias voltage sensingcircuit configured to sense a presence of the bias voltage, in whichcase a radio module is operated in a radiated mode, and to sense anabsence of the bias voltage, in which case the radio module is operatedin a conducted mode.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprises applyinga bias voltage to a radio module so as to provide the bias voltage at anantenna system connector of the antenna system; grounding the biasvoltage in the antenna system, the antenna system comprising an antennaand an antenna feed line; sensing a presence of the bias voltage; whenthe bias voltage is sensed to be present, operating a radio moduleconnected to the antenna system in a radiated mode; sensing the absenceof the bias voltage; and, when the bias voltage is sensed to be absent,operating the radio module connected to the antenna in a conducted mode.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the bias voltage is appliedthrough a resistor. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the biasvoltage is applied through an inductor. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the bias voltage is applied through a resistor and aninductor. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the method furthercomprises operating the radio module with a positive offset of RF signalpower when in the radiated mode. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the method further comprises storing a positive offset valuecorresponding to the positive offset of RF signal power in a memorydevice. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the positive offsetvalue corresponds to a permissible radiated power level.

Proximity Sensing Using an Antenna Front-End Module

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a tunable wireless wide-areanetwork (WWAN) antenna solution is implemented to provide an antennafront-end module hosting an antenna tuner integrated circuit (IC), withmatching and bypass discrete components to aid with antenna tuning.These front-end modules can be integrated into an antenna system. Thisintegrated antenna system including the antenna front-end module can beused as a sensing element for a proximity sensor. An integrated antennasystem comprising such an antenna front-end module can, for example,replace a stand-alone metallic patch, such as a copper patch. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, a dedicated sensing channel canbe provided on an antenna front-end module to act as an independentsensing channel independent of an antenna tuning circuit, which cancomprise a feed matching network, thereby reducing the additionalmismatch losses from the added components.

The dedicated sensing channel can be used for an integrated sensingchannel to sense the capacitance of the entire antenna front end modulefeeding into the proximity-sensor IC. Such an integrated solutioneffectively re-uses antenna volume while packaging the sensing channelinto the tuner module. Further, the sensing channel triggers anotification to an onboard system enclosure controller (EC) when a humanpresence detected, and the EC can then relay the information to a WWANradio associated with the antenna. The WWAN radio can then determine theappropriate tuning voltages to compensate for performance loss due tohuman presence and provide tuning of the tuner module via a mobileindustry processor interface (MIPI) to alter the antenna tuning to adaptto human presence. Such a technique can provide a complete loop-backsolution in which the antenna tuner module is able to integrate twofunctions into it, one being antenna tuning and other being the humandetection, and is able to tie those two functions together responsivelyto optimize the overall system performance.

FIG. 28 shows an information handling system comprising an antennafront-end module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.Information handling system 2800 comprises circuit board 2802. Circuitboard 2802 comprises antenna tuning circuit 2803 and antenna proximitysensing circuit 2804. Information handling system 2800 can also compriseenclosure controller 2805. Information handling system 2800 can alsocomprise radio 2806. Information handling system 2800 can also compriseenclosure 2801. Information handling system 2800 can also compriseantenna 2807. Information handling system 2800 can also compriseproximity sensing element 2808. Proximity sensing element 2808 can belocated within an antenna volume 2809 of antenna 2807. Proximity sensingelement 2808 can be located partially or fully outside of antenna volume2809.

Enclosure controller 2805 is located within enclosure 2801 and controlscomponents within enclosure 2801. Circuit board 2802 is located withinenclosure 2801. Radio 2806 may be a WWAN radio, such as a LTE radio.Radio 2806 may be capable of fourth-generation (4G) cellularcommunication. Radio 2806 may be capable of fifth-generation (5G)cellular communication. As an example, radio 2806 may be anEvolved-Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) TerrestrialRadio Access Network (E-UTRAN) New Radio-Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)radio. Radio 2806 is located within enclosure 2801. Antenna 2807 islocated within enclosure 2801. Proximity sensing element 2808 is locatedwithin enclosure 2801.

Radio 2806 is connected via interconnect 2815 to antenna tuning circuit2803. Antenna tuning circuit 2803 is connected via antenna feedline 2810to antenna 2807. Proximity sensing element 2808 is connected viaproximity sensing interconnect 2812 to antenna proximity sensing circuit2804. Antenna proximity sensing circuit 2804 is connected viainterconnect 2813 to enclosure controller (EC) 2805. EC 2805 isconnected via interconnect 2814 to radio 2806. Antenna 2807 may be usedas a proximity sensing element, for example, by providing an electricalconnection, such as interconnect 2811, to provide an electrical pathfrom antenna 2807 to antenna proximity sensing circuit 2804.Interconnect 2811 may physically connect to antenna 2807, to antennafeedline 2809, or to antenna tuning circuit 2803 to form the electricalpath. The electrical path may be resistive, reactive, or have a compleximpedance comprising a resistive component and a reactive component. Theinterconnection of interconnect 2811 may provide a diplexing function,providing a higher frequency electrical path for radio frequency (RF)signals between antenna 2807 and antenna tuning circuit 2803 and a lowerfrequency electrical path for proximity sensing signals between antenna2807 and antenna proximity sensing circuit 2804. A direct-current (DC)blocking feature may be provided, for example, using a seriescapacitance. A DC blocking feature may be used to prevent a DC offsetvoltage from influencing proximity sensing.

Radio communication can be provided using radio 2806, antenna tuningcircuit 2803, and antenna 2807. A transmit RF signal from radio 2806 canbe passed to antenna 2807 via interconnect 2815, antenna tuning circuit2803, antenna feedline 2810. A receive RF signal from antenna 2807 canbe passed to radio 2806 via antenna feedline 2810, antenna tuningcircuit 2803, and interconnect 2815. Antenna proximity sensing circuit2804 can receive a proximity sensing signal, for example, via proximitysensing element 2808 and proximity sensing interconnect 2812, viainterconnect 2811, or via both interconnect 2811 and the combination ofproximity sensing element 2808 and proximity sensing interconnect 2812.

Antenna proximity sensing circuit 2804 can obtain proximity sensinginformation indicative of proximity of a part of a human body to anantenna. Antenna proximity sensing circuit 2804, using, for example, aproximity-sensing integrated circuit (IC) located either on the circuitboard where antenna proximity sensing circuit 2804 is located or at aseparate location, may trigger a notification of EC 2805 viainterconnect 2813 in response to the obtaining the proximity sensinginformation. EC 2805 can provide a proximity indication via interconnect2814 to radio 2806 in response to the receiving of the notification atEC 2805. One of EC 2805 or radio 2806 can provide to antenna tuningcircuit 2803 a tuning parameter value to adapt antenna tuning for theproximity of the part of the human body to the antenna. Accordingly, anantenna front-end module comprising antenna tuning circuit 2803 andantenna proximity sensing circuit 2804 can provide both proximitysensing functionality and antenna tuning functionality, and the antennatuning functionality can be responsive to the proximity sensingfunctionality.

FIG. 29 shows a method to responsively perform antenna tuning based onproximity sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.As an example for an independent proximity sensing channel, a method canbegin at block 2901, where an independent proximity sensing channel isestablished. The independent proximity sensing channel is independent ofthe antenna tuning circuit. As an example for an integrated proximitysensing channel, a method can begin at block 2902, where an integratedproximity sensing channel is electrically coupled to the antenna tuningcircuit. In either case, the method continues from block 2901 or block2902, respectively, to block 2903. At block 2093, proximity sensinginformation indicative of proximity of a part of the human body to anantenna is obtained at an antenna proximity sensing circuit on a circuitboard. The antenna is electrically connected to the circuit board. If noproximity sensing information indicative of proximity of a part of thehuman body to an antenna has yet been obtained, method 2900 can remainat block 2093 until such proximity sensing information is received.

From block 2093, upon receipt of such proximity sensing information,method 2900 continues to block 2904. At block 2904, a notification of anenclosure controller is triggered at the antenna proximity sensingcircuit. The enclosure controller is disposed within an enclosure. Theenclosure houses the circuit board. The enclosure controller is adaptedto control components within the enclosure. From block 2904, method 2900continues to block 2905. At block 2905, a proximity indication isprovided, at the enclosure controller, to a radio. The radio is adaptedto be coupled to the antenna via the antenna tuning circuit. From block2905, method 2900 continues to block 2906. At block 2906, a tuningparameter value to adapt antenna tuning of the antenna tuning circuitfor the proximity of the part of the human body to the antenna isprovided to the antenna tuning circuit on the circuit board. The tuningparameter value is provided in response to the obtaining the proximitysensing information of block 2903.

As one example, the tuning parameter value may be provided directly inresponse to the obtaining the proximity sensing information of block2903. As another example, the tuning parameter value may be providedresponsive to the providing the proximity indication of block 2905 inresponse to the obtaining the proximity sensing information of block2903. As another example, the tuning parameter value may be providedresponsive to the triggering the notification of block 2904 in responseto the obtaining the proximity sensing information of block 2903. Fromblock 2906, method 2900 can return to a previous block, such as block2903, for continued operation. As an example, further antenna tuningaccording to an updated tuning parameter value can be providedresponsive to a change in proximity sensing, such as closer proximity orproximity of a larger portion of the human body or farther proximity,lack of proximity, or proximity of a smaller portion of the human body.Thus, antenna tuning can be adaptively performed in response to anyantenna proximity sensing condition in a repetitive and ongoing manner.

FIG. 30 shows a method for closed-loop control based on proximitysensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method3000 begins at block 3001, where a decision is made whether or notproximity sensing has been triggered in response to presence of a partof the human body. If not, method 3000 continues to block 3002, wherefull power and default tuning metrics are used by a radio and an antennatuning circuit. However, if the proximity sensing has been triggered,method 3000 continues to block 3003. At block 3003, a detailedexplanation of component interactions leading to and following theaffirmative decision of block 3001 begins. At block 3003, an antennafront-end module obtains proximity sensing information indicative ofproximity of a part of a human body to an antenna.

As an example, an antenna proximity sensing circuit of the antennafront-end module may obtain the proximity sensing information. Theantenna proximity sensing circuit is on a circuit board of the antennafront-end module. The antenna proximity sensing circuit of the antennafront-end module may provide an antenna proximity sensing information toa proximity-sensing integrated circuit (IC). As an example, theproximity-sensing IC may be located outside of the antenna front-endmodule but within an enclosure of an information handling systemenclosing the components. As an example, the proximity-sensing IC may belocated within the antenna front-end module. At block 3004, theproximity-sensor IC receives the antenna proximity sensing informationfrom the antenna proximity sensing circuit and triggers a notificationto an enclosure controller (EC). At block 3005, the EC receives thenotification and provides a proximity indication to a radio.

At block 3008, the radio receives the proximity indication. As anexample, the radio may be a WWAN radio. As an example, the radio may bea LTE radio. At block 3009, the radio accesses a power reduction tableto obtain power reduction information to provide to an antenna tuningcircuit on the circuit board of the antenna front-end tuning module witha tuning parameter value to adapt antenna tuning for the proximity ofthe part of the human body to the antenna. From block 3009, method 3000returns to block 3001 to remain responsive to changes in the presence ofa part of a human body in proximity to the antenna. As shown in FIG. 30,the antenna front-end module is connected to the radio. The radio sendssignals to the antenna front-end module, and the antenna front-endmodule sends signals to the radio.

As an example, the radio sends a transmit RF signal to the antennafront-end module for transmission via the antenna. As an example, theantenna front-end module sends a receive RF signal from the antenna tothe radio. As shown in FIG. 30, the antenna front-end module can performantenna tuning for performance optimization at block 3006. At block3007, a decision can be made whether or not a performance metric hasbeen optimized. As an example, a decision can be made whether or not areceived signal strength indication (RSSI) has been optimized. As anexample, a decision can be made whether or not a signal-to-noise radio(SNR) has been optimized. As an example, a decision can be made whetheror not another RF performance parameter has been optimized. Suchoptimization can include as examples, peaking of a performance parametervalue, improving a performance parameter value, and adjustingperformance to satisfy a specified value. Information from the decisionas to whether or not the performance parameter has been optimized can beprovided to the radio, which can, for example, by accessing the powerreduction table, can provide further adjustment of performance on arepetitive and ongoing manner.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a dual-function module isprovided with a built-in sensing function as well as an antenna tuningfunction. In accordance with at least one embodiment, an apparatus isprovided for integrating a human sensing function into an antennafront-end module. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a sensingchannel is added to an antenna front-end module, allowing a capabilityof using a dedicated chain for sensing human proximity. The sensing ofhuman proximity can include the sensing of the presence of a part of ahuman body in relation to one or more antennas such that either the RFperformance of the system is impaired or safeguards based on RF exposurelevels are indicated.

A sensing channel can be configured as an individual sensing chain orcan be combined with an RF path of an antenna front-end module. Asensing channel can have a built-in direct-current (DC) block to ensurethe capacitance detected is transferred back to a proximity-sensor ICwithout the capacitance measurement being corrupted by a DC voltagecomponent.

A human proximity sensing path can include the antenna radiator, thesensing chain traces on the antenna front end module, and the cablingbetween the antenna front-end module and the proximity-sensor ICco-optimized to detect the human presence. An antenna module can be usedas a sensing element in conjunction with an antenna element integratedat the antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an antenna front-end modulecomprises a circuit board. The circuit board comprises an antenna tuningcircuit and an antenna proximity sensing circuit. The antenna tuningcircuit is adapted to tune a feed impedance of an antenna. The antennais electrically connected to the circuit board. The antenna proximitysensing circuit is adapted to obtain proximity sensing informationindicative of proximity of a part of a human body to the antenna. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the antenna proximity sensingcircuit provides an independent proximity sensing channel. Theindependent proximity sensing channel is electrically independent of theantenna tuning circuit. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theantenna proximity sensing circuit provides an integrated proximitysensing channel. The integrated proximity sensing channel iselectrically coupled to the antenna tuning circuit. In accordance withat least one embodiment, the integrated proximity sensing channelutilizes an antenna volume of the antenna as a proximity sensingelement. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the antennaproximity sensing circuit is adapted to trigger a notification of anenclosure controller. The enclosure controller is located within anenclosure housing the circuit board. The enclosure controller is adaptedto control components within the enclosure. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the enclosure controller is adapted to provide aproximity indication to a radio. The radio is adapted to be coupled tothe antenna via the antenna tuning circuit. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the radio is adapted to provide a tuning parameter valueto the antenna tuning circuit to adapt antenna tuning for the proximityof the part of the human body to the antenna. In accordance with atleast one embodiment, the tuning parameter value is provided to theantenna tuning circuit via a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI).

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method comprisesobtaining, at an antenna proximity sensing circuit on a circuit board,proximity sensing information indicative of proximity of a part of ahuman body to an antenna, the antenna electrically connected to thecircuit board. The method further comprises, in response to theobtaining, providing, to an antenna tuning circuit on the circuit board,a tuning parameter value to adapt antenna tuning for the proximity ofthe part of the human body to the antenna. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the method further comprises establishing an independentproximity sensing channel, the independent proximity sensing channelelectrically independent of the antenna tuning circuit. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the method further comprises establishingan integrated proximity sensing channel, the integrated proximitysensing channel electrically coupled to the antenna tuning circuit. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the integrated proximitysensing channel utilizes an antenna volume of the antenna as a proximitysensing element. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the methodfurther comprises triggering, at the antenna proximity sensing circuit,a notification of an enclosure controller, the enclosure controllerwithin an enclosure housing the circuit board and adapted to controlcomponents within the enclosure. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the method further comprises providing, at the enclosurecontroller, a proximity indication to a radio, the radio adapted to becoupled to the antenna via the antenna tuning circuit. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the method further comprises providing, atthe radio, in response to the notification, a tuning parameter value tothe antenna tuning circuit to adapt antenna tuning for the proximity ofthe part of the human body to the antenna. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the method further comprises providing, at the enclosurecontroller, in response to the notification, a tuning parameter value tothe antenna tuning circuit to adapt antenna tuning for the proximity ofthe part of the human body to the antenna.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an information handlingsystem (IHS) comprises an enclosure enclosing the information handlingsystem and an antenna front-end module within the enclosure. Theantenna-front-end module comprises a circuit board. The circuit boardcomprises an antenna tuning circuit adapted to tune a feed impedance ofan antenna and an antenna proximity sensing circuit adapted to obtainproximity sensing information indicative of proximity of a part of ahuman body to the antenna. In accordance with at least one embodiment,the antenna proximity sensing circuit provides an independent proximitysensing channel. The independent proximity sensing channel iselectrically independent of the antenna tuning circuit. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the antenna proximity sensing circuitprovides an integrated proximity sensing channel. The integratedproximity sensing channel is electrically coupled to the antenna tuningcircuit. The integrated proximity sensing channel utilizes an antennavolume of the antenna as a proximity sensing element. In accordance withat least one embodiment, the information handling system furthercomprises an enclosure controller within the enclosure, the enclosurecontroller adapted to control components within the enclosure, whereinthe antenna proximity sensing circuit is adapted to trigger anotification of the enclosure controller. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the information handling system further comprises aradio. The enclosure controller is adapted to provide a proximityindication to the radio. The radio is adapted to be coupled to theantenna via the antenna tuning circuit. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the radio is adapted to provide a tuning parameter value tothe antenna tuning circuit to adapt the antenna tuning for the proximityof the part of the human body to the antenna.

When referred to as a “device,” a “module,” a “unit,” a “controller,” orthe like, the embodiments described herein can be configured ashardware. For example, a portion of an information handling systemdevice may be hardware such as, for example, an integrated circuit (suchas an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA), a structured ASIC, or a device embeddedon a larger chip), a card (such as a Peripheral Component Interface(PCI) card, a PCI-express card, a Personal Computer Memory CardInternational Association (PCMCIA) card, or other such expansion card),or a system (such as a motherboard, a system-on-a-chip (SoC), or astand-alone device).

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, themethods described herein may be implemented by software programsexecutable by a computer system. Further, in an exemplary, non-limitedembodiment, implementations can include distributed processing,component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing.Alternatively, virtual computer system processing can be constructed toimplement one or more of the methods or functionality as describedherein.

The present disclosure contemplates a computer-readable medium thatincludes instructions or receives and executes instructions responsiveto a propagated signal; so that a device connected to a network cancommunicate voice, video or data over the network. Further, theinstructions may be transmitted or received over the network via thenetwork interface device.

While the computer-readable medium is shown to be a single medium, theterm “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiplemedia, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associatedcaches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term“computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capableof storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution bya processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or moreof the methods or operations disclosed herein.

In a particular non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, thecomputer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as amemory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatileread-only memories.

Further, the computer-readable medium can be a random access memory orother volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readablemedium can include a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a diskor tapes or other storage device to store information received viacarrier wave signals such as a signal communicated over a transmissionmedium. A digital file attachment to an e-mail or other self-containedinformation archive or set of archives may be considered a distributionmedium that is equivalent to a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, thedisclosure is considered to include any one or more of acomputer-readable medium or a distribution medium and other equivalentsand successor media, in which data or instructions may be stored.

Although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detailabove, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that manymodifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments withoutmaterially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of theembodiments of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of theembodiments of the present disclosure as defined in the followingclaims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to coverthe structures described herein as performing the recited function andnot only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures.

The above-disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, andnot restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover any andall such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments that fallwithin the scope of the present invention. Thus, to the maximum extentallowed by law, the scope of the present invention is to be determinedby the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims andtheir equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by theforegoing detailed description.

What is claimed is:
 1. An antenna front-end module comprising: a circuitboard including: an antenna tuning circuit adapted to tune a feedimpedance of an antenna, the antenna electrically connected to thecircuit board; and an antenna proximity sensing circuit adapted toobtain proximity sensing information indicative of proximity of a partof a human body to the antenna.
 2. The antenna front-end module of claim1, wherein the antenna proximity sensing circuit provides an independentproximity sensing channel, the independent proximity sensing channelelectrically independent of the antenna tuning circuit.
 3. The antennafront-end module of claim 1, wherein the antenna proximity sensingcircuit provides an integrated proximity sensing channel, the integratedproximity sensing channel electrically coupled to the antenna tuningcircuit.
 4. The antenna front-end module of claim 3, wherein theintegrated proximity sensing channel utilizes an antenna volume of theantenna as a proximity sensing element.
 5. The antenna front-end moduleof claim 1, wherein the antenna proximity sensing circuit is adapted totrigger a notification of an enclosure controller, the enclosurecontroller within an enclosure housing the circuit board and adapted tocontrol components within the enclosure.
 6. The antenna front-end moduleof claim 5, wherein the enclosure controller is adapted to provide aproximity indication to a radio, the radio adapted to be coupled to theantenna via the antenna tuning circuit.
 7. The antenna front-end moduleof claim 6, wherein the radio is adapted to provide a tuning parametervalue to the antenna tuning circuit to adapt antenna tuning for theproximity of the part of the human body to the antenna.
 8. The antennafront-end module of claim 7, wherein the tuning parameter value isprovided to the antenna tuning circuit via a mobile industry processorinterface (MIPI).
 9. A method comprising: obtaining, at an antennaproximity sensing circuit on a circuit board, proximity sensinginformation indicative of proximity of a part of a human body to anantenna, the antenna electrically connected to the circuit board; and inresponse to the obtaining, providing, to an antenna tuning circuit onthe circuit board, a tuning parameter value to adapt antenna tuning forthe proximity of the part of the human body to the antenna.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising: establishing an independentproximity sensing channel, the independent proximity sensing channelelectrically independent of the antenna tuning circuit.
 11. The methodof claim 9, further comprising: establishing an integrated proximitysensing channel, the integrated proximity sensing channel electricallycoupled to the antenna tuning circuit.
 12. The method of claim 11,wherein the integrated proximity sensing channel utilizes an antennavolume of the antenna as a proximity sensing element.
 13. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising: triggering, at the antenna proximitysensing circuit, a notification of an enclosure controller, theenclosure controller within an enclosure housing the circuit board andadapted to control components within the enclosure.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, further comprising: providing, at the enclosure controller, inresponse to the notification, a proximity indication to a radio, theradio adapted to be coupled to the antenna via the antenna tuningcircuit; and providing, in response to the notification, a tuningparameter value to the antenna tuning circuit to adapt antenna tuningfor the proximity of the part of the human body to the antenna.
 15. Aninformation handling system (IHS) comprising: an enclosure; and anantenna front-end module within the enclosure, the antenna-front-endmodule including a circuit board having: an antenna tuning circuitadapted to tune a feed impedance of an antenna; and an antenna proximitysensing circuit adapted to obtain proximity sensing informationindicative of proximity of a part of a human body to the antenna. 16.The information handling system of claim 15, wherein the antennaproximity sensing circuit provides an independent proximity sensingchannel, the independent proximity sensing channel electricallyindependent of the antenna tuning circuit.
 17. The information handlingsystem of claim 15, wherein the antenna proximity sensing circuitprovides an integrated proximity sensing channel, the integratedproximity sensing channel electrically coupled to the antenna tuningcircuit, wherein the integrated proximity sensing channel utilizes anantenna volume of the antenna as a proximity sensing element.
 18. Theinformation handling system of claim 15, further comprising: anenclosure controller within the enclosure, the enclosure controlleradapted to control components within the enclosure, wherein the antennaproximity sensing circuit is adapted to trigger a notification of theenclosure controller.
 19. The information handling system of claim 18,further comprising: a radio, wherein the enclosure controller is adaptedto provide a proximity indication to the radio, wherein the radio isadapted to be coupled to the antenna via the antenna tuning circuit. 20.The information handling system of claim 19, wherein the radio isadapted to provide a tuning parameter value to the antenna tuningcircuit to adapt the antenna tuning for the proximity of the part of thehuman body to the antenna.